GATE Biotechnology (BT) Syllabus 2024: PDF Download, List of Chapters and Topics

Biotechnology is considered one of the important courses that usually candidates take to advance their career after qualifying the GATE exam. Candidates can check the GATE biotechnology syllabus 2024 here including the important topics and cutoff.

Table of Contents

GATE Biotechnology Syllabus PDF
Section Wise Division of GATE 2024 Biotechnology Syllabus
Engineering Mathematics Syllabus for Biotechnology
General Biology Syllabus of Biotechnology
Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology Section Syllabus
Syllabus of Fundamentals of Biological Engineering
Bioprocess Engineering and Process Section Biotechnology Syllabus
Biotechnology Syllabus of Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology Section
Biotechnology Syllabus of Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in …
Important Books to Cover GATE Biotechnology (BT) Syllabus 2024
GATE Previous Year Biotechnology Cutoff

GATE Biotechnology (BT) Syllabus 2024: With the advancement of science and technology across all realms there has been significant development in the purview of biotechnology as a whole. Biotechnology has contributed across all major sectors like agriculture, healthcare, environment, daily life, food processing among others which have directly impacted the growth of nations. The core branches of biotechnology like green biotechnology, blue biotechnology, red biotechnology, white biotechnology and bioinformatics have enormously transformed human society creating an opportunity for humans to achieve sustainable development goals. From the career point of view, biotechnology is still a field which has not been explored much by professionals. Therefore, candidates who are interested in pursuing biotechnology in their higher education can always explore this path as it can be said that this course possesses enormous prospects and chances to thrive in the modern world. One such way to have a career in biotechnology is through clearing GATE 2024 successfully as it is a gateway for research and numerous employment opportunities.

Major Ongoing Event - GATE Application Form 2024 (Released)

Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore will conduct GATE 2024 as a computer based test on February 3, 4, 10 and 11 across India. Candidates who are aspiring to take biotechnology in their further studies must clear the GATE exam and GATE 2024 biotechnology syllabus plays a pivotal role in assisting candidates to do that. IISc Bangalore has released the GATE 2024 syllabus of biotechnology on its official website. Complete knowledge of GATE biotechnology syllabus 2024 enables candidates to improve their preparation and also know the important topics from the exam point of view. Candidates can check this article to have complete knowledge of the biotechnology syllabus of GATE 2024 along with the important topics in every section and the biotechnology cutoff of previous year here.
Also Read: How to Clear GATE 2024 in First Attempt?

GATE Biotechnology Syllabus PDF

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Section Wise Division of GATE 2024 Biotechnology Syllabus

Candidates preparing for the GATE 2024 biotechnology course must keep in mind the sections that are included in the biotechnology syllabus of GATE 2024. All the seven sections of the syllabus are mentioned below.

Engineering Mathematics
General Biology
Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology
Fundamentals of Biological Engineering
Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology
Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology
Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Engineering Mathematics Syllabus for Biotechnology

Candidates can check the below table to know about the engineering mathematics syllabus of biotechnology. Along with that, we have also mentioned the important topics for each section of the engineering mathematics syllabus in the below table.

Sections	All Topics	Important Topics
Linear Algebra	Matrix and Determinants Systems of Linear Equations Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors	Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
Calculus	Limits Continuity and Differentiability Partial Derivatives Maxima and Minima Sequences and Series Test for Convergence	Continuity and Differentiability Sequences and Series Test for Convergence
Differential Equations	Linear and Nonlinear First Order ODEs Higher Order ODEs with Constant Coefficients Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations Laplace Transforms	Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations Laplace Transforms
Probability and Statistics	Mean, Median, Mode and Standard Deviation Random Variables Poisson, Normal and Binomial Distributions Correlation and Regression Analysis	Poisson, Normal and Binomial Distributions
Numerical Methods	Solution of Linear and Nonlinear Algebraic Equations Integration by Trapezoidal and Simpson’s Rule Single Step Method for Differential Equations	Integration by Trapezoidal and Simpson’s Rule

General Biology Syllabus of Biotechnology

General biology forms an important section of biotechnology course. Candidates can check the general biology syllabus of biotechnology here in the table.

Sections	Topics	Important Topics
Biochemistry	Biomolecules – Structure and Function Biological Membranes, Molecular Motors, Action Potential and Transport Processes Basic Concepts and Regulation of the Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Lipids, Amino Acids and Nucleic Acids Photosynthesis Respiration and Electron Transport Chain Enzymes – Classification, Catalytic and Regulatory Strategies Enzyme Inhibition – Competitive, Non-Competitive and Uncompetitive Inhibition Enzyme Kinetics - Michaelis-Menten Equation	Enzymes – Classification, Catalytic and Regulatory Strategies Basic Concepts and Regulation of the Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Lipids, Amino Acids and Nucleic Acids Enzyme Kinetics - Michaelis-Menten Equation
Microbiology	Bacterial Classification and Diversity Microbial Ecology - Microbes in Marine, Freshwater and Terrestrial Ecosystems Microbial Interactions Viruses - Structure and Classification Methods in Microbiology Microbial Growth and Nutrition Nitrogen Fixation Microbial Diseases and Host-Pathogen Interactions Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance	Viruses - Structure and Classification Methods in Microbiology Microbial Growth and Nutrition Nitrogen Fixation Microbial Diseases and Host-Pathogen Interactions Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance
Immunology	Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity Antibody Structure and Function Molecular Basis of Antibody Diversity T cell and B cell Development Antigen-Antibody Reaction Complement Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Organs Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Antigen Processing and Presentation Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibody Regulation of Immune Response Immune Tolerance Hypersensitivity Autoimmunity Graft Versus Host Reaction Immunisation and Vaccines	T cell and B cell Development Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibody Graft Versus Host Reaction Immunisation and Vaccines

Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology Section Syllabus

The sections genetics, cellular and molecular biology comprises the following topics mentioned in the below table.

Sections	Topics	Important Topics
Genetics and Evolutionary Biology	Mendelian Inheritance Gene Interaction Complementation Linkage, Recombination and Chromosome Mapping Extra Chromosomal Inheritance Microbial Genetics – Transformation, Transduction and Conjugation Horizontal Gene Transfer and Transposable Elements Chromosomal Variation Genetic Disorders Population Genetics Epigenetics Selection and Inheritance Adaptive and Neutral Evolution Genetic Drift Species and Speciation	Extra Chromosomal Inheritance Microbial Genetics – Transformation, Transduction and Conjugation Genetic Disorders Population Genetics Epigenetics
Cell Biology	Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cell Cycle and Cell Growth Control Cell-Cell Communication Cell Signalling and Signal Transduction Post-Translational Modifications Protein Trafficking Cell Death and Autophagy Extracellular Matrix	Cell Cycle and Cell Growth Control Cell-Cell Communication Cell Signalling and Signal Transduction Protein Trafficking Cell Death and Autophagy
Molecular Biology	Molecular Structure of Genes and Chromosomes Mutations and Mutagenesis Regulation of Gene Expression Nucleic Acid – Replication, Transcription, Splicing, Translation and their Regulatory Mechanisms Non-Coding and MicroRNA RNA Interference DNA Damage and Repair	Mutations and Mutagenesis Non-Coding and MicroRNA RNA Interference DNA Damage and Repair

Syllabus of Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Biotechnology syllabus of fundamentals of biological engineering is mentioned below.

Sections	Topics	Important Topics
Engineering Principles Applied to Biological Systems	Material and Energy Balances for Reactive and Non-Reactive Systems Recycle, Bypass and Purge Processes Stoichiometry of Growth and Product Formation Degree of Reduction, Electron Balance and Theoretical Oxygen Demand	Stoichiometry of Growth and Product Formation
Classical Thermodynamics and Bioenergetics	Laws of Thermodynamics Solution Thermodynamics Phase Equilibria and Reaction Equilibria Ligand Binding Membrane Potential Energetics of Metabolic Pathways Oxidation and Reduction Reactions	Laws of Thermodynamics Ligand Binding Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
Transport Processes	Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids, Fluid Flow – Laminar and Turbulent Mixing in Bioreactors, Mixing Time Molecular Diffusion and Film Theory Oxygen Transfer and uptake in a Bioreactor, kLa and its Measurement Conductive and Convective Heat Transfer, LMTD, Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient Heat Exchangers	Oxygen Transfer and uptake in a Bioreactor, kLa and its Measurement Conductive and Convective Heat Transfer, LMTD, Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient Heat Exchangers

Bioprocess Engineering and Process Section Biotechnology Syllabus

Candidates can check the bioprocess engineering and process section of biotechnology syllabus here in the below table.

Section	Topics	Important Topics
Bioreaction Engineering	Rate Law, Zero and First-Order Kinetics Ideal Reactors – Batch, Mixed Flow and Plug Flow Enzyme Immobilization, Diffusion Effects – Thiele Modulus, Effectiveness Factor, Damkoehler Number Kinetics of Cell growth, Substrate Utilisation and Product Formation Structured and Unstructured Models Batch, Fed-Batch andContinuous Processes Microbial and Enzyme Reactors Optimization and Scale-Up	Ideal Reactors – Batch, Mixed Flow and Plug Flow Enzyme Immobilization, Diffusion Effects – Thiele Modulus, Effectiveness Factor, Damkoehler Number Kinetics of Cell growth, Substrate Utilisation and Product Formation
Upstream and Downstream Processing	Media Formulation and Optimization Sterilisation of Air and Media Filtration – Membrane Filtration, Ultrafiltration Centrifugation – High Speed and Ultra Cell Disruption Principles of Chromatography– Ion Exchange, Gel Filtration, Hydrophobic Interaction, Affinity, GC, HPLC and FPLC Extraction, Adsorption, and Drying	Sterilisation of Air and Media Filtration – Membrane Filtration, Ultrafiltration Principles of Chromatography– Ion Exchange, Gel Filtration, Hydrophobic Interaction, Affinity, GC, HPLC and FPLC
Instrumentation and Process Control	Pressure, Temperature, and Flow Measurement Devices Valves First-Order and Second-Order Systems Feedback and Feedforward Control Types of Controllers – Proportional, Derivative, and Integral Control, Tuning of Controllers	First-Order and Second-Order Systems Types of Controllers – Proportional, Derivative, and Integral Control, Tuning of Controllers

Biotechnology Syllabus of Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology Section

The plant, animal and microbial biotechnology section of biotechnology course comprises the below mentioned syllabus and important topics.

Section	Topics	Important Topics
Plants	Totipotency Regeneration of Plants Plant Growth Regulators and Elicitors Tissue culture and Cell Suspension Culture System – Methodology, the Kinetics of Growth and Nutrient Optimization Production of Secondary Metabolites Hairy Root Culture Plant products of Industrial Importance Artificial Seeds Somaclonal Variation Protoplast, Protoplast Fusion – Somatic Hybrid and Cybrid Transgenic Plants –Direct and Indirect Methods of Gene Transfer Techniques Selection Marker and Reporter Gene Plastid Transformation	Totipotency Regeneration of Plants Plant Growth Regulators and Elicitors Tissue culture and Cell Suspension Culture System – Methodology, the Kinetics of Growth and Nutrient Optimization Artificial Seeds Somaclonal Variation Transgenic Plants –Direct and Indirect Methods of Gene Transfer Techniques
Animals	Culture media composition and growth conditions Animal cell and Tissue Preservation Anchorage and Non-Anchorage Dependent Cell Culture Kinetics of Cell Growth Micro Macro-Carrier Culture Hybridoma Technology Stem Cell Technology Animal Cloning Transgenic Animals Knock-Out and Knock-In Animals	Animal cell and Tissue Preservation Kinetics of Cell Growth Hybridoma Technology Stem Cell Technology Animal Cloning Transgenic Animals
Microbes	Production of Biomass and Primary / Secondary Metabolites – Biofuels, Bioplastic, Industrial Enzymes, Antibiotics Large Scale Production and Purification of Recombinant Proteins and Metabolites Clinical - Food and Industrial Microbiology Screening Strategies for New Products	Clinical - Food and Industrial Microbiology Screening Strategies for New Products

Biotechnology Syllabus of Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology Section

Candidates can check the detailed syllabus and important topics here in the below table.

Section	Topics	Important Topics
Recombinant DNA Technology	Restriction and Modification Enzymes Vectors – Plasmids, Bacteriophage and other Viral Vectors, Cosmids, Ti plasmid, Bacterial and Yeast Artificial Chromosomes Expression Vectors, cDNA and Genomic DNA Library Gene Isolation and Cloning, Strategies for the Production of Recombinant Proteins Transposons and Gene Targeting	Vectors – Plasmids, Bacteriophage and other Viral Vectors, Cosmids, Ti plasmid, Bacterial and Yeast Artificial Chromosomes Gene Isolation and Cloning, Strategies for the Production of Recombinant Proteins
Molecular Tools	Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA / RNA Labelling and Sequencing Southern and Northern Blotting In-situ Hybridization DNA Fingerprinting, RAPD, RFLP Site-Directed Mutagenesis Gene Transfer Technologies CRISPR-Cas Biosensing and Biosensors	Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA / RNA Labelling and Sequencing In-situ Hybridization DNA Fingerprinting, RAPD, RFLP Gene Transfer Technologies CRISPR-Cas
Analytical Tools	Principles of Microscopy – Light, Electron, Fluorescent andConfocal Principles of Spectroscopy – UV,Visible, CD, IR, Fluorescence, FT-IR, MS, NMR, Electrophoresis Micro-Arrays, Enzymatic Assays Immunoassays– ELISA, RIA Immunohistochemistry Immunoblotting Flow Cytometry Whole-Genome, and ChIP-Sequencing	Principles of Spectroscopy – UV,Visible, CD, IR, Fluorescence, FT-IR, MS, NMR, Electrophoresis Immunoassays– ELISA, RIA Immunohistochemistry Flow Cytometry
Computational Tools	Bioinformatics Resources and Search Tools Sequence and Structure Databases Sequence Analysis – Sequence File Formats, Scoring Matrices, Alignment, Phylogeny Genomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics Gene Prediction Functional Annotation Secondary Structure and 3D Structure Prediction Knowledge Discovery in Biochemical Databases Metagenomics Metabolic Engineering, and Systems Biology	Gene Prediction Sequence and Structure Databases Secondary Structure and 3D Structure Prediction Metagenomics

Important Books to Cover GATE Biotechnology (BT) Syllabus 2024

Candidates can check the list of books to cover the entire biotechnology syllabus of GATE 2024.

Name of the book	Author / Publication
Biotechnology	Pranav Kumar
Fundamentals of Biochemistry	Lehninger
Principle of Bioprocess Engineering	P. Doran
GATE Biotechnology	GK Publishers
Life Science part 1 and 2.	Pathfinder publications
Immunology	Kuby
GATE General Aptitude and Mathematics	GK Publishers
Molecular Cell Biology	lodish and Baltimore
Bioprocess Engineering	Schuler & Kargi
Bioprocess Engineering principles	Pauline Doran
Molecular biology of the gene	James Watson
Immunology	Kuby
Advanced Engineering Mathematics	Erwin Kreyszig
Principles of Gene Manipulation	Primrose & Twyman
Gene cloning and DNA analysis	T.A Brown
Plant Biotech	Slater

GATE Previous Year Biotechnology Cutoff

To qualify the GATE exam, candidates have to score more than the cutoff marks. Applicants can check the previous year cutoff of GATE in the table below.

Year	General	OBC	SC / ST / PD
2023	31.6	28.4	21.0
2022	35.5	31.9	23.6
2021	30	27	20
2020	30.7	27.6	20.4
2019	35.9	32.3	23.9
2018	27.9	25.1	18.5
2017	38.9	35	25.9

With this article, candidates can have a detailed analysis of the syllabus of biotechnology for GATE 2024 and also know about the important topics for each section that constitute the GATE biotechnology syllabus 2024.