How to Become a Scientist

About Scientist

If you have a curious mind and enjoy preparing and carrying out experiments, you could be a good match for a career as a scientist. If Science is the subject that has fascinated you since childhood then you can definitely think about how to become a scientist. It is a job profile that includes a vast arena of Science as a subject in detail. If you have an interest in Biology then you can think about how to become a forensic scientist. Similarly, you can opt for different options of how to become a scientist in the field of Physics or Chemistry as per your interest and also get an answer to how to become a space scientist, or particularly any types of scientist you have interest in. 

Let’s talk more about who actually a scientist is and what is the work profile and responsibilities of a scientist. A scientist is the one who has involvement in scientific activities focusing mainly on acquiring knowledge to predict and describe the world around us. Right from finding out the origin to existence and extinction, the work of a scientist includes all. The role of a scientist can be identified in all possible spheres of biological and non-biological, celestial and non-celestial bodies, communicational and non-communicational activities. Therefore, if you want to know how to become a scientist then you can explore all the fields present around you here.

Who is a Scientist?

Scientists are highly trained experts who engage in research and experimentation to advance understanding in a specific field. Aspiring students who wish to pursue a career as scientists and want to know how to become a scientist should be mentally prepared for the multitude of challenges they may encounter, as it is considered one of the most demanding and time-consuming career paths. It typically requires 7-10 years or even longer to establish oneself as a respected scientist in a particular area of expertise. The candidates who wish to become scientists must know how to become a scientist and what all courses are suitable to become a scientist. Aspiring candidates who choose career as scientists need to be familiar with how to become a scientist and the appropriate courses that lead to this profession.

How to Become a Scientist in India?

For those aspirants who choose career as scientist, it is advisable to begin their preparations right after completing school. They should select their field of interest in science and then focus on a specific niche within that field. The initial step in this journey is to decide between PCM or PCB immediately after their 10th board exams. Proficiency in mathematics is crucial for aspiring scientists, as research often involves dealing with statistics and data analysis. Therefore, a specialization in mathematics is highly recommended.

Candidates think how to become a forensic scientist, you typically need a bachelor's degree in forensic science, chemistry, biology, or a related field. Gain practical experience through internships or lab work. Pursue specialization through a master's degree for advanced roles. Obtain necessary certifications and licenses. Strong attention to detail, analytical skills, and scientific knowledge are crucial for success in this field.

Focus on your area of expertise 

Know precisely which niche you wish to pursue. Choose your bachelor's degree with the various options available, such as Physics, Mathematics, Biology, Astronomy, Geology, Social Sciences, and more. You can also opt for specialized professional courses like BTech, BSc, BPharma, etc., related to your field of interest.

Pursue Higher Education

Merely obtaining a bachelor's degree is not sufficient to become a scientist. Although a bachelor's degree offers a solid foundation to expand your knowledge, pursuing a master's and a Ph.D. may be necessary for further career advancement in this field.

Exams Required to Become Scientist in India

BSc Admission Entrance Exams

To secure admission into BSc programs, various entrance tests are conducted at the national, state, and institutional levels across India. The table below provides the list of different entrance examinations at graduate level for which online application forms are available for taking admission in different graduate level courses through major BSc entrance examinations in 2023. Some of the popular exams are:

Master's Entrance Exams

Multiple entrance exams are available for admission into Master of Science (MSc) programs. There are certain colleges that take direct admission while most of the prestigious colleges conduct entrance tests to grant admission to different courses offered by them. The table below highlights some significant university-level entrance tests that are essential for securing admission to MSc programs. 

PhD Entrance Exams

The admission to PhD programmes has become very difficult in the current scenario because of excessive demand of teachers. Many entrance level examinations are conducted to grant admission at PhD level. The table provided below comprises some national-level entrance exams along with their application deadlines, conducting authorities, examination dates, and other relevant details

Skills Required to Become Scientist in India

The following are the essential skills that a scientist must possess.

• Thirst for Knowledge and Research
• Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills
• Research Skills
• Technical Skills
• Creativity
• Team- Player
• Adaptability
• Highly level of Dedication
• Time Management
• Public Speaking
• Interpersonal Skills
• Observation Skills 
• Strong Communication Skills

How to Become a Scientist in Abroad?

Embarking on a career path to become a scientist abroad can be tedious and challenging. Students with aspirations to know how to become a scientists in abroad have to  pursue their undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral degrees from foreign universities. The scientist qualification is very important to be part of the scientist fraternity anywhere across the globe. They must have a doctorate in a specialized area of science. 

To pursue a degree abroad, students must engage in advance planning. They need to determine the appropriate timing and the field of specialization for their foreign degree. In order to gain admission to prestigious universities abroad and fulfill their dream of becoming a scientist, students must meet specific eligibility requirements, which are provided below.

• Students need to maintain a consistent academic record throughout their educational journey. Several universities abroad look for students with an aggregate of 70% or higher marks, or an equivalent CGPA, for admission to various courses. 
• Additionally, clearing an English language proficiency test such as TOEFL or IELTS is typically required for studying in a foreign country. 
• Students should explore sponsorship or scholarship programs they are eligible for. Moreover, to secure admission to a university, writing a well-crafted research proposal or essay is crucial.

Exams Required to Become Scientist in Abroad

To become a scientist abroad, there are typically no specific exams that universally apply to all countries or universities. However, the educational path usually involves completing a bachelor's degree in a relevant scientific field, followed by a master's and/or doctoral degree with a focus on research. Some universities may require standardized tests like GRE (Graduate Record Examination) for admission to graduate programs. One of the most common prerequisites is to qualify English language proficiency exams such as 

• IELTS (International English Language Testing System)
• TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language), and 
• PTE (Pearson Test of English)

Skills Required to Become Scientist in Abroad

In this article so far, we got to know how to become a scientist and what is the role of a scientist? There are many important skills that scientists must possess in order to become a good and reputed scientist. Some of the common and important skills to become a scientist are mentioned here for your reference: 

How to Become a Scientist after 12th?

The most common question that arises for the students who have interest in science is how to become a scientist after 12th? Becoming a scientist requires a passion for scientific inquiry, a strong educational foundation, and a commitment to continuous learning and research. If you aspire to become a scientist after completing your 12th grade, here are the general steps you can follow:

• Choose the right stream in 12th grade
• Pursue a bachelor's degree in science
• Excel in your studies
• Engage in research and internships
• Pursue higher education- masters and PhD
• Attend scientific conferences and workshops
• Collaborate with researchers
• Apply for research positions

How to Become a Scientist after Graduation?

To become a scientist after graduation, one must pursue post graduate courses from a recognised and famous university. The candidates must score a minimum of 60% marks in graduation to get admission in good colleges. It should be noted that they must score 60% marks in science subjects as well as pass in each subject separately. To get admission in top colleges for postgraduate courses they might have to give entrance exams like CUET PG, JET, etc.

Exam required to become Scientist after Graduation

The famous exams required to become scientist after graduation are- 

Skills Required to Become Scientist after Graduation

To know how to become a scientist after graduation, several key skills are essential for success in the field. Some of the prominent skills are mentioned below: 

Eligibility to become Scientist

The candidates who want to choose career as scientist must know how to become scientist eligibility criteria. They must meet the minimum educational scientist qualification. In meeting forensic scientist qualifications or any other specific field scientist one must meet these requirements first.

Educational Qualification of Scientist

• Must have completed their 10+2 education from a state or nationally recognized board with PCM or PCMB as their subject combination, achieving at least 70% aggregate marks or a comparable CGPA.
• Aspiring scientists need to obtain a bachelor's degree from a recognized institution, with a major in science and a relevant subject combination depending on their chosen field, such as chemistry, physics, biological science, or mathematics.
• Must achieve a minimum aggregate grade point average of 60% and pass each course independently.
• After completing the undergraduate degrees, students should pursue a postgraduate degree in a related field from a recognized university or college, securing at least 60% aggregate marks and passing each course separately.
• To further progress in their career as scientists, students should obtain a doctorate or PhD in their respective area of specialization, along with substantial research and laboratory experience.

Types of Scientists

There is a wide variety of scientists to choose from, but some of the most prevalent categories of scientists include:

Salary of Scientist

Salaries for scientists can vary significantly depending on factors such as education level, experience, specialization, location, and the type of organization they work for. The figures provided below are approximate and should be used as a general guideline.

The average salary of a scientist in India can range from ₹300,000 to ₹1,000,000 or more per year. Entry-level scientists may earn around ₹300,000 to ₹500,000 annually, while experienced and senior-level scientists in reputed organizations or research institutions may earn ₹800,000 to ₹1,000,000 or higher.

Salary of Forensic Scientist

Salary of Forensic Scientist can vary based on their specialization and the employing organization. On average, Salary of a Forensic Scientist can earn around ₹300,000 to ₹700,000 per year. Experienced and senior forensic scientists may earn up to ₹1,000,000 or more annually.

Salary of Research Scientist

Salary of Research Scientists can differ significantly based on the area of research and the organization they are associated with. On average, the salary of Research Scientists can earn around ₹400,000 to ₹800,000 per year.

Courses to Become Scientist

Becoming a scientist, whether in India or abroad, can be achieved through various qualification pathways. Aspiring students are required to successfully complete multiple courses on their journey to becoming a scientist. The details of important courses are mentioned here to become a scientist. 

Bachelor’s Course

After completing Class XII, many science students opt for BSc as their preferred course of study. BSc offers comprehensive theoretical and practical knowledge in diverse scientific fields such as physical science, applied science, chemistry, mathematics, economics, biology, agriculture, horticulture, animation, and more. 

Those with a keen interest in exploring interdisciplinary subjects involving science and mathematics can choose to pursue this course.

• The course is well-suited for students aspiring to enter research industries such as pharmaceuticals, healthcare, manufacturing, IT, and more. 
• There are two types of BSc degrees: BSc Honours and BSc General, both having a duration of three years and carrying the same qualifications. 
• Through this program, students gain fundamental skills and knowledge necessary for careers as researchers, teachers, lecturers, consultants, counselors, and more. The abundance of opportunities in these fields makes BSc a popular choice among students. 
• Additionally, various scholarship opportunities, including INSPIRE Scholarships, HDFC Educational Crisis Scholarship Support (ECSS), Promotion of Science Education (POSE) Scholarship, Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana (KVPY), etc., are available to support students financially. 
• After completing BSc, students can opt for higher studies, such as pursuing a Master of Science (MSc) degree.

Master’s Course

MSc, which stands for Master of Science, is a postgraduate course spanning two years. It provides comprehensive theoretical and practical expertise in various scientific disciplines like Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Mathematics, Botany, Zoology, Pharmacy, and Nursing.

Several prestigious universities and colleges in India offer the Master of Science degree through both regular and distance learning modes. For those aspiring to pursue a Ph.D., obtaining an MSc degree is a prerequisite.

Candidates planning to enroll in an MSc program should possess essential skills such as problem-solving, analytical abilities, and research aptitude. The MSc syllabus varies based on the chosen specialization.

PhD Courses

• The PhD in Science is an investigative program where students engage in experiments and utilize observation, questioning, modeling, and investigation to explore novel concepts that they incorporate into their thesis.
• A primary objective of the PhD Science course is to equip students with the skills to conduct research in Science education across various scientific disciplines. 
• The subjects covered in this course encompass physics, chemistry, biology, computer science, life sciences, and more, all taught with a strong emphasis on research. Topics may range from geophysics to material science and beyond.
• At the commencement of the course, students undergo coursework that comprehensively covers the essential theories and principles related to their chosen subject. 
• After completing the coursework, students embark on independent research and compile their findings into a thesis, which is then submitted upon completion of the course.

List of Colleges which provides Courses to Become Scientist

There are many colleges that provide courses to become scientists. Some of the prominent colleges along with their average fee are mentioned below for quick reference:

List of Universities which provides Courses to Become Scientist

The basic courses are required to proceed in the journey to become a scientist. Almost all universities provide courses to become a scientist. Some of the prominent universities are mentioned below: 

Types of Job Roles Scientist

As discussed above, there are a number of distinctive fields that can help in choosing career as scientist. The different types of Scientists are based on the classification and specification studied and expertized in. Read in detail about these scientist job profiles and know about the type of work they perform and then choose the one that suits your interest.

Astronomer: An Astronomer is the one who studies about stars, galaxies and planets. Studying about the universe and the movement of the objects within it is the focus area of the Astronomers. These are specialists who read about the planetary movements and tracks celestial and non-celestial objects of the outer space.

Agronomist: Agronomy is the field of Science that deals with the study of agriculture and its technological growth. The person involved in carrying out the process of research and development giving rise to agricultural advancement is an Agronomist. Commonly referred as Plant Scientists, they are ones who read about the type and genetic existence of a plant, agricultural land and soil in order to produce the best out it.

Cytologist or Cytotechnologist: These scientists are the ones who work to describe the cell and the cellular movements and variations. Cytotechnology is a sub-stream of Biology focusing mainly on the cells. Study of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), cell structure, cell multiplication, cell functioning and life history and pathology of cells, are addressed by a Cytologist.

Ethologist: An Ethologist specializes in the study of animal behavior. Their main focus is to understand the behavior of animals under natural conditions and under man-made conditions. They also check the adaptive traits of the animals in an unnatural or evolutionary condition. 

Botanist: An expert of the Plant Science or Botany is termed as a Botanist. They study about the flowering and non-flowering plants present in the environment. The structure, growth, evolution and uses of the plants are studied in detail by the Botanists. There are certain classified areas of Botany that structures and divides the task of a Botanist. These include – Plant Ecology, Plant Taxonomy and Chemical Biology. A Botanist can choose any one area of expertise among these and work as per the requirement of the subject-matter.

Epidemiologist: Spread of diseases in the human body is studied by the Epidemiologist. Epidemiology is that branch of Science that aims to extract the source origin of a disease and works on it to find a solution or remedies to cure the spreading or underdeveloped disease. They also study the behavior and habits of the individual before and after inducing a suitable drug for the spreading disease.

Microbiologists: Study of Fungi, Algae and Bacteria is done by a Microbiologist. Dealing with the evolution, structure and growth of the microscopic animals and plants is the role of the Microbiologists. Their role also comprises of the study of disease-causing organisms and organisms responsible for environmental damages. Study of the organisms that are of agricultural and industrial interest also falls under the study circle of a Microbiologist.

Geologist: They are the ones who study the three states of matters ie. Solid, Liquid and Gaseous substance, constituting the Earth and other terrestrial planets. A Geologist studies in detail about the Earth Processes, Earth History and Earth Materials. From tectonic movements leading to earthquake, volcanic eruption, floods and landslides to ecological sustainability of plants and soil materials are catered by these experts.

Meteorologist: These scientists are the ones who study about climate and weather. Checking on the climatic condition and the changes that have been or might take place are recorded by the Meteorologists. They may indulge in forecasting weather or may stick to the research area of the weather. These scientists predict the climatic disaster that may take place and help people to evacuate from the surrounding area.

Marine Biologist:  Marine Biologist is the one who studies the marine organisms constituting of the animals and plants. The study reveals the interaction and behavior of these organisms with the environment. A close research on aquatic plants and animals are done by the Marine Biologists after mastering on biological oceanography and geological oceanography. These two streams enhance the research work and help in depicting a clear picture of the research conducted by the Marine Biologist.

Paleontologist: These scientists are the investigators of the fossils. They study the history of life on Earth based on the collected fossils. These remains are studied for the purpose of calculation of the existence of the fossils found. Paleontologists also dig out the reason of the extinction of the remains and preserve them to understand the primitive environment in a more clearer way. These scientists work in close contact with the archaeologists to discover more related findings.

Seismologist: Seismologist studies the details about an earthquake. The reason behind an earthquake and related after-effects above and beneath the Earth are studied by these scientists. Their researches reveal the expected disaster that can be caused due to the tectonic movements and also find out the areas that are more prone to such activities.

Employment Opportunities for Scientists

With a keen interest in Science and Research, candidates can opt for a career like Scientist. For the ones who aspire to know how to become a Scientist must know the different employment opportunities available for them as a Scientist. To help candidates we have prepared a list of industries were the employment opportunities for scientists are easily available. The list includes the following:

• Indian Ministries – Mining, Ore, Archeology, Geology, etc.
• Food and Beverage Industry
• Research Centers/Institutions
• Aeronautical Associations
• Mining Industry 
• Medical Centers/Institutions
• Manufacturing and Warehouse Units
• Animal Care Centers
• Wildlife Sanctuaries
• Healthcare Centers/Institutions

Top Recruiting Companies for Scientists

In order to choose career as Scientist, it is important that the candidates acquire relevant degrees and certificates along with approved journals. Considering these qualifying documents, companies will hire these budding, talented and enthusiastic scientists with a good pay scale and desirable posts. There are a number of top recruiting companies for scientists that the aspirants can opt for. Let’s take a look at these companies or top organisations hiring scientists.

• Indian Airforce
• Ministry of Mines
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
• Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
• Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)
• Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)
• International Flavors & Fragrances India Ltd
• National Centre For Cell Science (NCCS)
• Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (InStem)
• Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA)
• Aero Control
• ASRC Aerospace Corporation 
• Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
• Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO)
• Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)
• Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
• Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
• Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM)
• Indian Association for Cultivation of Science (IACS)
• Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES)

Employment Sector/Industry for Scientist

What does a Scientist do?

Scientists conduct laboratory-based experiments and trials. Scientists can find jobs in a variety of fields, including medicine, physics, biology, chemistry, computer science, and environmental science. Some of the primary responsibilities include

• Designing and carrying out experiments
• Writing research reports and papers
• Taking samples and performing other types of field research
• Observing experiments, as well as recording and analyzing data
• Training and supervising junior employees
• Keeping up with the latest advances in scientific research

Roles and Responsibilities of a Scientist

• The majority of the activity is carried out in the laboratory, with some responsibilities requiring fieldwork.
• It may also be necessary to travel to and from different places to do the research, particularly for some of the projects that need collaboration.
• Many researchers work on fixed-term contracts with limited funding for specific projects.
• The majority of contracts are for several years.
• Permanent positions are in high demand and are more common in industry than in academia.
• A lot of opportunities are there in most of organisations to become a scientist.
• Working with toxic and dangerous substances may be required for experimental work. Experiments involving animals or animal-derived products may also be included in the scientific research
• Travelling internationally to attend conferences and seminars is sometimes necessary. Environmental science and ecology, for example, may require international fieldwork.
• Long hours of work and less time for the other activities
• Decent Salary with a number of benefits
• Professional growth and Personal Growth
• Name and Fame
• Global Recognition

Pay Scale/Salary of Scientist

Different types of Scientist get paid on a different pay-scale. The salary also depends on the kind of industry they are associated with. You can have a look of the approximated salary scale of the different types of scientists given below.

Note: The figures mentioned above are an approximate estimate and may vary from one organisation to the other organisation. 

Professional Development

The scientific and research skills one gains while studying  PhD are perceived as satisfactory basic training for moving to the next positions. To grow in any career, especially in this career one must keep himself or herself up to date with all the new techniques, skills, and innovations. Professional growth does not knock on the door of an individual but hard work, determination, and commitment do. It is very important to attend as well as participate in national level conferences to know and proclaim the recent advanced technological development in the field of Science. By putting up years of experience, one will achieve a senior scientist position.

Books & Study Material to Become Scientist

Knowing how to become a scientist can be difficult if your educational qualification and preparation lack behind. All you need to do is to acquire professional degrees from a reputed institution. To do so you will need to appear for related entrance exams. Hence, there are no specific books that can prepare you for this career. Being agile and ready to grab every learning opportunity that comes your way combined with hard work is the trick to become a successful Scientist. It is also important for you to experience the on-the-job learning exposure to become more familiar with the experiments and research activities. The more you learn & implement your gained experience, the chances of you becoming an expert in this field will also increase, which will subsequently reflect in your pay package.

To help you through with the learning experience of becoming a successful Scientist, we are providing you with the list of few of the top searched and read books of renowned authors that will not only help you in understanding your subject-matter but will also help you in developing your skills and knowledge.

• Encyclopedia of Space Science and Technology by Maureen Salkin, Hans Mark Publication.
• Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology by P S Verma.
• The Mammoth Book of Unexplained Phenomena: From bizarre biology to inexplicable astronomy by Roy Bainton.
• When Life Never Died by Michael J. Benton
• The Story of Earth by Robert M. Hazen
• Microbiology: Principles and Explorations by Jacquelyn G Black
• Modern Epidemiology by Kenneth Rothman
• Measuring Behaviour by Patrick Bateson and Paul Martin

Pros of becoming a Scientist

• By becoming a Scientist, you are about to create a history out of your research materials.
• You are indulged in a lot of exciting experiments and research works that will retain your interest throughout the work.
• A good package is intact with your reputed post.
• At a number times, you will be involved in saving the lives of many around you which will give a sense of pride and esteem to work harder.
• You will learn a new thing with every research or experiment that you start with. This will help you in answering your curiosities.
• You will have a great role in developing technology and innovations.

Cons of becoming a Scientist

• A lot of responsibilities might lead you to make small mistakes which could risk the lives of many around you.
• Extra attention and precision is required with no room of mistakes.
• Long working hours may lead to less amount of family interactions.
• Scientists often stick to one project for their entire life with no scope of development and professional growth.
• At times your experiments can be too costly to handle, as science is expensive and costly business to deal with.