NEET 2026 Biology Syllabus PDF - Download NEET Biology Syllabus Topic wise

Name of exam

NEET UG 2026-27

Exam conducting body

National Testing Agency (NTA)

Duration of exam

200 minutes

Syllabus available

Online (PDF format)

NMC NEET 2026 Syllabus - Official Website

Subjects included in NEET UG Biology Syllabus 

Botany and Zoology 

Total questions from the NEET Syllabus for Biology 2026

90 Questions 

Maximum marks in NEET UG 2026 Exam

720 Marks

Botany

Zoology

• Ecology
• Plant Physiology
• Genetics
• Plant Anatomy
• Division and Cell Biology
• Plant Diversity
• Plant Reproduction and Morphology
• Bio-molecule
• Biotechnology 
• Biology in Human Welfare

• Cell and cell cycle
• Animal Husbandry
• Animal kingdom
• Animal Diversity
• Genetics 
• Reproductive health
• Evolution
• Human Physiology
• Human Reproduction
• Human Health and Diseases
• Biotechnology
• Biomolecules
• Diversity of living organisms
• Structural organization in animals

1

Diversity in Living World

• What is living? 
• Biodiversity
• Concept of species and taxonomic hierarchy
• Binomial nomenclature
• Need for classification
• Taxonomy & Systematics

• Five kingdom classification
• Salient features and classification of Monera 
• Protista and Fungi into major groups: Lichensl Viruses and Viroids.

• Salient features and classification of plants into major groups, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms 

• Salient features and classification of animals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate

up to class level

2

Human physiology

• Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only)
• Respiratory system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in human exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration Respiratory volumes
• Disorders related to respiration-Asthma Emphysema, and Occupational respiratory disorders.

• Body fluids and circulation: composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood
• Composition of lymph and its function 
• Human circulatory system structure of human heart and blood vessels
• Cardiac cycle, cardiac output. ECG, Double circulation;
• Regulation of cardiac activity 
• Disorders of circulatory system-Hypertension, coronary

artery disease, Angina pectoris, and Heart failure.

• Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion- Ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism. 
• Human excretory system-structure and function
• Urine formation, osmoregulation 
• Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin, Atrial

Natriuretic Factor' ADH and Diabetes insipidus.

• Role of other organs in excretion
• Disorders; Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; 
• Dialysis and artificial kidney.

• Locomotion and Movement
• Types of movement- ciliary, flagellar, muscular
• Skeletal muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction
• Skeletal system and its functions
• Joints; Disorders of the muscular and skeletal system- Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout.

• Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves
• Nervous system in humans central Nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system
• Generation and conduction of nerve impulse

• Chemical coordination and regulation
• Endocrine glands and hormones
• Human endocrine system-Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, Thyroid, parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads
• Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary idea)
• Role of hormones as messengers and regulators
•  Hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders (common
• disorders e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease).

3

Structural Organisation in Animals & Plants

• Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (Frog). (Brief account only)

Note: Frog is not an insect. It is anticipated that NMC NEET syllabus 2026 was released with some errors that will be rectified in the near future.

• Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence- cymose and racemose, flower, fruit and seed. 

4

Cell Structure and Function

• Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life
• Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell
• Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall
• Cell organelles structure and function
• Endomembrane system-endoplasmic reticulum Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies
• Cytoskeleton cilia flagella centrioles (ultra structure and function)
• Nucleus-nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus.

• Chemical constituents of living cells
• Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
• Enzymes-types, properties, enzyme action, classification and nomenclature of enzymes

• B Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance

5

Plant Physiology

• Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic nutrition
• Site of photosynthesis takes place pigments involved in Photosynthesis (Elementary-.idea)
• Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and non-cyclic and photophosphorylation chemiosmotic hypothesis
• Photorespiration C3 and C4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis

• Respiration: Exchange gases
• Cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic),TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic)
• Energy relations- Number of ATP molecules generated Amphibolic pathways
• Respiratory quotient.

• Plant growth and development
• Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate 
• Conditions of growth- Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation 
• The sequence of developmental process in a plant cell
• Growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA

1

Reproduction

• Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary
• Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis
• Menstrual cycle
• Fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation
• Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea)
• Lactation (Elementary idea)

• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
• Flower structure
• Development of male and female gametophytes
• Pollination types, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices, Pollen-Pistil interaction
• Double fertilization
• Post-fertilization events- Development of endosperm and embryo
• Development of seed and formation of fruit
• Special modes apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.

• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD)
• Birth control and Methods, Contraception and

Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

• Amniocentesis
• infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).

2

Genetics and Evolution

• Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance
• Deviations from Mendelism Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy
• Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance
• Chromosomes and genes
• Sex determination In humans, birds, honey bee
• Linkage and crossing over
• Sex-linked inheritance-Haemophilia colour blindness
• Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia
• Chromosomal disorders in humans - Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.

• Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material
• Structure of DNA and RNA
• DNA packaging
• DNA replication
• Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation
• Gene expression and regulation- Lac Operon
• Genome and human genome project
• DNA fingerprinting, protein biosynthesis.

• Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidence for biological evolution from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence)
• Darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of Evolution
• Mechanism of evolution (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection
• Gene flow and genetic drift
• Hardy-weinberg's principle
• Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution

3

Biotechnology and its Applications

• Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

• Application of Biotechnology: Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA technology)
• Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy, genetically modified organisms-bt crops
• Transgenic Animals
• Biosafety issues - Biopiracy and Patents

4

Biology and Human Welfare

• Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm, dengue, chikungunya)
• Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines
• Cancer, HIV and AIDS
• Adolescence, Drug and Alcohol abuse, Tobacco abuse

• Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

5

Ecology and Environment

• Organisms and environment  
• Population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism 
• Population attributes- growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

• Biodiversity and its conservation
• Concept of Biodiversity
• Patterns of Biodiversity
• Importance of Biodiversity
• Loss of Biodiversity, Biodiversity conservation
• Hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction
• Red Data Book, Biosphere reserves, National parks.
• and sanctuaries, Sacred Groves.

• Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition
• Energy flow
• Pyramids of number, biomass, energy

Ecology-Biodiversity and Conservation – Introduction, Level of biodiversity, Pattern of biodiversity, Loss of biodiversity

2

4

Genetics II – Nucleic Acids (The Genetic Material, DNA, RNA)

4

8

Ecology-Environmental Issues – Types of pollutants, Types of pollution-Air pollution, Noise pollution, Acid rain, Ozone depletion, Water pollution

1

2

Application Biology (Biotechnology) – Principles of Biotechnology

4

8

Ecology-Organisms and Population – Introduction, Abiotic factors, Responses to abiotic factors

2

4

Plant Physiology-I-Mineral Nutrition – Methods to study mineral requirements of plants, Essential mineral elements, Role of macro and micronutrients, deficiency symptoms of essential elements, Toxicity of micronutrients

2

4

Cell Biology – Introduction, Prokaryotic Cell

5

10

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants – Sexual Reproduction Introduction

4

8

Biomolecule – I – Carbohydrates

1

2

Plant Kingdom-Algae

2

4

Biomolecule-II – Nucleic Acids

1

2

Plant Physiology-II-Plant growth and Growth Hormones – Growth and Development

4

8

Total

50

100

Chemical Coordination and Integration -Endocrine Gland

3

6

Cell Biology – Introduction, Prokaryotic Cell

4

8

Genetics I – Introduction, Mendelism, Monohybrid Cross, Dihybrid Cross, Back Cross, Test Cross, Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, Multiple Alleflism, Pleiotropy

2

4

Human Reproduction and Reproductive Health – Male Reproductive System

6

12

Ecology-Environmental Issues – Types of pollutants, Types of pollution-Air pollution, Noise pollution, Acid rain, Ozone depletion, Water pollution

1

2

Biomolecule-II – Nucleic Acids

1

2

Excretory Products and Their Elimination – Homeostasis and Osmoregulation

1

2

Biology In Human Welfare – Microbes in Human Welfare

1

2

Locomotion and Movement – Muscles

2

4

Origin and Evolution – Origin of Life

2

4

Application Biology – Principles of Biotechnology

2

4

Genetic II – Nucleic Acids (The Generic Material, DNA, RNA) 

3

6

Ecology-Organisms and Population – Introduction, Abiotic factors, Responses to abiotic factors

1

2

Digestion and Absorption – Nutrition

2

4

Structural Organisation in Animal – Epithelial tissue

1

2

Breathing and Exchange of Gases – Respiratory Organ

1

2

Neural Control and Coordination – Nervous Tissue

2

4

Animal Kingdom-2 – Chordata

2

4

Biology In Human Welfare-Strategies for Enhancement of Food Production in Animal

1

2

Animal Kingdom-1 – Porifera

4

8

Biology In Human Welfare-Human Health and Disease – Diseases caused by a virus

3

6

Structural organization in animals – Connective tissue

1

2

Total

50

100

NEET 2025 Total Marks 

720

Total Time Duration

3 Hour 20 minutes

NEET Biology Section Breakdown

Zoology (Sections A and B)

Botany (Sections A and B)

Zoology Total Marks 

180

Botany Total Marks

180

Total Marks for NEET Biology Section

360

Biology Section Weightage

50%