Elements of Mining | - Definitions of terms
- Mineral-based industries
- Mining operations/ modes of entry: shaft, incline, adit
- Applicable conditions
- / limitations/ mining methods used in coal and non-coal mining
- Classification of the mineral deposits based on various factors
- Classification of coal seams based on various factors
- Classification of methods of working: U/G, coal, OCM, metal mining, boreholes uses
- Classification and various tools used in boring (drilling)/ feed mechanism/ core recovery/ deviation of boreholes, core barrels
- Explosives: characteristics, classification, composition, properties, different explosives used in U/G, metal, coal mines, OCM
- Metal and coal mines
- Selection of explosives and initiation of explosives
- Fuses: types
- Detonators: types
- Blasting practice in mines: terms/ tools/ rules/ provisions related to induced blasting, different types of blasting practice
- Different types of drill bits/ reconditioning of drill bits
- Dangers and precautionary measures of blasting/ fuse and electric blasting/ dealing with misfires
- Shaft sinking: selection of site/ different stages of sinking through the subsoil
- Temporary and permanent supporting of shafts
- Purpose of widening and deepening
- Special and modern methods of shaft sinking/piling/ drop shaft method/ cementation/ freezing method
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Fundamentals of Geology | - Definition of the term geology/ uses of geology in the mining field/ branches of geology/ physical geology
- Age of the Earth/origin of the Earth: nebular hypothesis of Kant and Laplace/ internal structure of Earth/ weathering, erosion, denudation, attrition, abrasion, earthquakes, volcanoes
- Mineralogy: terms, physical characteristics of minerals, important mineral families, industrial uses of important minerals
- Occurrence and distribution in AP and India
- Petrology: classification of rocks and their characteristics/ structures, and textures
- Structural geology/ folds/ faults/ joints/ unconformities
- Stratigraphy: definition/ objectives/ geological time scale/ major stratigraphical divisions of India, physio-graphic divisions of India
- Economic geology: terms/ processes of mineralization and important economic minerals formed by these processes
- Geological prospecting: objectives/guidelines for location of mineral deposits in fields/ methods of prospecting
- Coal geology: periods of coal formation, different stages, origin, classification of coal/coalfield in the world, and India
- Petroleum geology: petroleum, importance, origin, migration, and accumulation, distribution of oilfields in the world and India
- Hydrogeology: occurrence and source of groundwater, vertical distribution, water table, types, hydrological cycle, precipitation, types of rainfall measurements
- Evaporation/ types/ infiltration: types/ factors affecting infiltration/ zone of saturation and aeration/ water-bearing properties of rocks, permeability, porosity, aquifer, aquifuge, aquinclude
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Underground Coal Mining Methods | - Methods of working board and pillar and long wall: development/ opening of districts/ different methods of development systems with machines and continuous miners/ depillaring
- Longwall mining: longwall advancing/ long wall retreating/ applicabilities/ merits/ demerits/ limitations
- Stowing practice in mines, manual & mechanized
- Thick seams: classification, principles, methods, merits & demerits, special methods of working like inclined slicing/ horizontal slicing/ blasting gallery/horizontal mining/ hydraulic mining/ gasification of coal
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Underground Metal Mining Methods | - Definitions: development of mineral deposits, levels, sublevels, winzers & raises, etc
- Handling waste rock and mineral
- Drilling and blasting
- Arrangement of loading
- Conventional and mechanized methods of raising
- Various stopping methods: classification/ applicability/ limitation/ merits/ demerits
- Sampling: classification/ applicability/ assaying/ salting
- Deep mining: problems/ problems associated with rise in body temperature/causes/effects/treatment/ and preventive measures
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Mine Environmental Engineering | - Ventilation, objectives & purpose of ventilation, systems of ventilation (natural and mechanical ventilation)
- Distribution of mine air/ ventilation devices/ construction location, and application
- Auxiliary ventilation/ booster ventilation/ homptropal/ anti-tropal systems
- Ventilation survey: objectives/ methods/ precautions/ accessories
- Mine gases: composition in mine air/ properties of mine air/ classification based on gassiness / physiological effects/occurrence/ testing for presence of mine gases
- Flame safety lamp: principle & constructional details
- Gas detectors: types, determination of percentage of gases using conventional methods, and using detectors
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Mine Hazards and Rescue | - Mine fires/ classification/ causes, preventive measures
- Spontaneous heating of coal
- Different methods of dealing with fires
- Collection of air samples and interpretation of mine air samples
- Cowards diagram
- Calculation of CO/O2 deficiency ratio
- Reopening of sealed-off areas
- Firefighting equipment and organization
- Mine explosions: types/ fire damp explosions (causes and preventive measures)
- Coal dust explosions: causes & preventive measures/ treating coal dust/ dust barriers/ water barriers
- Inundation in mines/ causes/ precautions/ design of dams/ accidents due to inundation
- Miners' diseases/ various forms of environmental pollution due to mining/ pollution control methods / various miner diseases (causes, symptoms, treatment, and preventive measures)
- Rescue and recovery: operations/ objectives/ classification of rescue apparatus/ resuscitation apparatus/ rescue organization
- Gas detectors: recent techniques of gas detection/ remote sensing devices/ continuous recorders/ monitors/ carbon monoxide, and multi-gas detectors
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Mine Surveying | - Definitions/ objectives/ principles/ classification/ measurement of distance
- Various Instruments in used in surveying/ chain survey/ fundamentals of compass survey/ local attraction/ magnetic declination limitation of various surveying methods
- Various methods of levelling/ types of level/ instruments/ adjustments/ traversing and computations/ contouring and subsidence
- Theodolite types/adjustments/ traversing and computations/ setting out curves/ types/ correlation survey/ tachometric survey/ triangulation survey/ dip/ strike/ fault problems
- Fundamentals of advanced survey: principles of electronic measurements/ different instruments/ application of remote sensing/ GPS
- Total station: parts & functions
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Mining Machinery | - Wire ropes: usage/ chemical composition/ tests of wires/ classification/ applicability of different wire ropes/ causes of deterioration and precautions/ capping/ recapping methods/ rope splicing
- Transportation in mines: classification of different types of rope haulages/ their applicability/ merits and demerits, limitations
- Safety devices in different rope haulages
- Locomotive haulages: types, applicability
- Conveyors: types/ tensioning arrangements/ uses & applicability in mines/ aerial ropeways/ man riding applicability/ pumps their applicability in mines/ construction details merits, demerits, and limitations
- Conventional face machinery/ different drills/ power loaders/ longwall face machinery: AFC/ lump breakers/ stage loaders/ power pack/ SERDS/ DERDS/ safety devices/ power support
- Falme-proof apparatus and intrinsically safe apparatus: field of applications/ features/ remote control principle/ signalling methods used in mines/ telephones
- Winding: purpose/ equipment/ types of headgear frames/ shaft fittings/ guides/ pit top/ pit bottom arrangements/ keeps/ suspension gear/ types of drum, drum, skip winding
- Cage winding and friction (keope winding) / speed control and safety contrivances
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Surface Mining and Rock Mechanics | - Surface mining: definition/ terms/ applicability/ limitations/ merits/ demerits
- Benches: parameters/ opening of deposits/ drainage/ different machinery used in surface mines/ applications/ merits and demerits/ drilling and blasting in surface mines/ methods and patterns/ dangers and precautions/ slope stability/ influencing factors/ terms/ types of failures/ precautions/ simple numerical problems
- Environment and ecology: effects of mining on the environment/ different types of pollution due to mining
- Ecology: impacts of mining on ecology/ EIA/ EMP/ reclamation
- Rock mechanics: definitions/ application/ various forces acting on a block, stress, stress distribution around an opening
- Rock properties and classification/ physical and mechanical properties of rocks/ theories of rock failure
- Behaviour and measuring devices
- Ground movement and subsidence/ theories/ factors affecting subsidence/ methods of subsidence measurement
- Strata control: support/ classification/ types/ merits and demerits
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Mining Legislation, Safety and Management | - Mines: act
- Mine's rules: provisions of Mine Act in respect of drinking water/ health hygiene,etc
- Medical facilities, limitations of employment, leave with wages
- Coal mines, metal mine regulations: definition, duties of manager/ over man/ safety officer/ under manager
- Transport/ mine working ventilation etc
- Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act 1957: provisions of licensing/Prospecting and Mining/Industrial Dispute Act/ causes of disputes/Work Committee/strikes/ lockout/ accidents in mines/ safety awareness/ pit safety Committee/work Committee/ strikes/ lockout/ accidents in mines/ safety awareness/ pit safety committee/ classification of accidents
- Mine management/organization structure/ entrepreneurship/self-employment scheme/ market and demand survey/ quality systems concepts/ quality policy/ quality control/ quality assurance/ ISO 9000/ features/ drawbacks/ recruitment/ qualifications/ training programmes/ work-study
- Safety in mines and mine accidents
- Network analysis: PERT and CPM
- Smart technology: Use of Internet of Things/ IoT
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