Basic Industrial Biotechnology | - Production strains
- Production media
- Types of media
- Nitrogen sources
- Biopesticides
- Biofertilizers
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Bio-Physics | - Biophysics & Cell Doctrine
- Cell theory and atomic theory
- Types of microscopes
- Biological membranes
- Applications of Biophysics
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Genetics and Cell Biology | - Mendelism and its variations
- Linkage
- Cell division
- Chromosome structure
- Chromosome aberrations
- Genetic mechanism of sex determination
- Sex-linked genes
- Holandric genes
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Microbiology | - Classification of microorganisms
- Nutrition in microorganisms
- Growth - measurement of microbial growth
- Culture media
- Synthetic complex media
- Importance and isolation of pure cultures and primary stock cultures
- Preservation of cultures
- Control of micro-organisms
- Disinfection and sterilization methods
- Chemical agents
- Physical agents
- Different classes of disinfections
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Bio-Reactor Engineering | - Classification of bioreactors
- Energy balance of bioreactors
- Selectivity and optimization of bioreactors
- Design and analysis of bioreactors
- Introduction to microprocessors and their applications in bioreactor control
- Safety regulations and decontamination procedures practised in the operation of bioreactors
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Molecular Biology - Genetic Engineering | - Nucleic acids - the structure of DNA, RNA, replication of DNA, gene numbers, organization of the nuclear genome, essential & non-essential genes
- Charge FF rule
- One gene
- One enzyme hypothesis - phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria and albinism
- Protein synthesis
- Applications of genetic engineering
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Plant Biotechnology | - Tissue culture/ techniques/ application of plant tissue culture
- Protoplast technology - isolation/ culture protoplasts/ regeneration of cell wall and callus formation/ protoplast fusion
- Genetics engineering through plasmids
- Ti plasmid
- Gene transfer in plants - symbiotic n2 fixation/ plant protection/ applications/ methods
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Animal Biotechnology | - Animal cell and tissue culture
- Animal organ culture techniques - advantages/ limitations/ applications
- Production of transgenic animals by microinjection
- Future prospects of transgenesis
- Cell culture products
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Bioinformatics | - Bio-informatics in biology and medicine
- Bio-molecules and biopolymers
- Genome analysis
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Enzyme Engineering | - Classification of enzymes/ applications, physical, and chemical techniques of enzyme immobilization - advantages & disadvantages of immobilization techniques
- Structure of enzymes: primary and secondary structure & peptide bond
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