CLAT Summits and Agreements Practice Questions With Solutions

The 18 G20 Summit, in which the heads of states and governments will meet, on September 9 and 10 will be held in India's national capital New Delhi. Over 25 world leaders along with other delegates are going to attend this mega event. One of the largest multilateral summits, the G20 Summit presents a significant diplomatic opportunity for India, which will convene with the adoption of a joint declaration by all the member states. India assumed the G20 Presidency on December 1 last year. The 18 G20 Summit in New Delhi is scheduled to be held on September 9-10. The Group of Twenty (G20) comprises 19 countries and the European Union. The G20 members represent around 85% of the global GDP, over 75% of the global trade, and about two-thirds of the world population. World leaders from several countries and institutions will mark their presence at the event. They include US President Joe Biden, UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and French President Emmanuel Macron. However, Russian President Vladimir Putin has opted out of the summit and foreign minister Sergei Lavrov will represent the country in his place. Chinese President Xi Jinping has also decided to skip the event and will send country's Premier Li Qiang instead, according to sources. The G20 Summit 2023 is being held under the theme Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (One Earth. One Family One Future) centered around the value of all life including human, animal, plant, and microorganisms and their interconnectedness on the planet Earth and in the wider universe. India's presidency of the summit holds significance as it aims to become a voice for the 'less developed global South in a world dominated by developed nations of the West. It is also likely to take up the issue of border tension with China. India, for its part, may attempt to straighten out its diplomatic intricacies with the West after it faced challenges due to the Russia -Ukraine conflict.

Every second patent granted in India between 2016 -2021 is related to green technology and a quarter of the green technology patents are concerning alternative energy production, coinciding with the Centre’s efforts on “enhanced use of green technology for boosting economy and encouraging consumers to use products produced through use of such technology”. Data from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry shows that more than 91,500 patents were granted between 2016 -17 and 2020 -21, while the data for 2021 -22 was not immediately available. However, going by the trend in the past two years, India is expected to clear at least 25,000 more applications this year. Separate data from the ministry shows that between 2016 -17 and 2021 -22 (up to January), 61,186 patent s related to green technologies have been granted in the said period. Of these, 90% are for technologies concerning waste management and alternative energy production - 38,837 or 63% of them are related to waste management and more than 16,000 or 26% are for alternative energy production. The rest of the green technology patentsare for energy conservation (2,555), transportation technologies (2,481), nuclear power generation (1,079),agriculture -and-forestry (161),and others (69).

Starting in April 2020, China amassed a large number of troops and armaments along the disputed Line of Actual Control (LAC) in eastern Ladakh and other areas along the LAC, leading to stand -offs and skirmishes at certain points. The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) moved into Indian territory and built fortified structures and defences, changing the status quo on the ground. While there are differences in perception on the alignment of th e LAC, over the years both sides concluded a series of agreements to maintain peace and tranquillity on the border, while talks continued to resolve the dispute. Since then, several friction points emerged in eastern Ladakh and both sides initiated diploma tic and military talks aimed at disengagement and de-escalation, with India pushing for the restoration of status quo ante of pre -April. India and China earlier reached an understanding for phased disengagement from all friction points followed by de -escal ation from the depth areas along the LAC.