VITEEE 2025 Chemistry Subject Wise Questions, List of Chapters & Topics

Atomic Structure

• Bohr’s atomic model-Sommerfeld’s extension of atomic structure; Electronic configuration and Quantum numbers; Shapes of s, p, d, f orbitals - Pauli’s exclusion principle - Hund’s Rule of maximum multiplicity- Aufbau principle
• Emission and absorption spectra, line and band spectra; Hydrogen spectrum - Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, Brackett and Pfund series; de Broglie’s theory; Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle - wave nature of electron - Schrodinger wave equation (No derivation)
• Eigen values and eigen functions. Chemical bonding and hybridization of atomic orbitals involving s, p and d orbitals

Thermodynamics, Chemical Equilibrium and Chemical Kinetics - I and II

• Laws of thermodynamics - spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, entropy, Gibb’s free energy - Standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0 ) and chemical equilibrium - significance of entropy.
• Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting rates of reaction: concentration, temperature, pressure and catalyst; Law of mass action - Le Chatelier’s principle, applications of chemical equilibrium
• Rate expression, order, and molecularity of reactions, zero order, first order and pseudo first order reaction - half-life period

• Determination of rate constant and order of reaction. Temperature dependence of rate constant - Arrhenius equation, activation energy and its calculation; elementary concept of collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions

Solutions

• Colligative properties of dilute solutions; Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage, the vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions

The s-block elements

• Properties and chemical reactivity of alkali and alkaline earth metals

The p-block elements

• Phosphorous compounds: PCl3, PCl5 - Oxides, Hydrogen halides, Inter-halogen compounds and Xenon fluoride compounds

General characteristics of d - block elements

• Electronic Configuration - Oxidation states of first row transition elements and their colours
• Occurrence and principles of extraction: Copper, Silver, Gold and Zinc
• Preparation and properties of CuSO4, AgNO3and K2Cr2O7

Lanthanides

• Introduction, electronic configuration, general characteristics, oxidation state - lanthanide contraction, uses, brief comparison of Lanthanides and Actinides

Introduction to coordination chemistry

• IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds; Isomerism, Geometrical isomerism in 4-coordinate, 6-coordinate complexes
• Theories on coordination compounds - Werner’s theory (brief), Valence Bond theory
• Uses of coordination compounds. Bioinorganic compounds (Haemoglobin and chlorophyll)

Solid-State Chemistry

• Lattice - unit cell, systems, types of crystals, packing in solids; Ionic crystals - Imperfections in solids - point defects, X-Ray diffraction - Electrical Property, Amorphous solids (elementary ideas only)

Surface Chemistry

• Adsorption- physisorption and chemisorption; Catalysis - homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis

Electrochemistry

• Redox reactions; Theory of electrical conductance; metallic and electrolytic conductance.
• Faraday’s laws - theory of strong electrolytes - Specific resistance, specific conductance, equivalent and molar conductance - Variation of conductance with dilution - Kohlrausch’s Law - Ionic product of water, pH, and pH- buffer solutions - use of pH values.

• Cells - Electrodes and electrode potentials - construction of cell, EMF values and standard electrode potentials, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells.
• Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, dry cell, electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator; Fuel cells, Corrosion, and its prevention.

Environmental Chemistry

Environmental pollution - Atmospheric, water and soil

Carbon

• Tetravalency, hybridization; Classification of organic compounds - functional groups; Homologous series; Nomenclature (IUPAC); Homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage; carbocations, carbanions and free radicals; electrophiles and nucleophiles; Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation.
• Common organic reactions - Substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement Isomerism in Organic Compounds: Definition, Classification - structural isomerism, stereo isomerism - geometrical and optical isomerism.
• Optical activity - chirality - compounds containing chiral centres - R, S notation, D, L notation.
• Detection of the functional groups in organic compounds: Hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketones) carboxyl and amino groups.

Common organic reactions

• Substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement

Isomerism in Organic Compounds

• Definition, Classification - structural isomerism, stereo isomerism - geometrical and optical isomerism.
• Optical activity - chirality - compounds containing chiral centres - R, S notation, D, L notation.

Detection of the functional groups in organic compounds

Alcohols and Ethers

• Nomenclature of alcohols - Classification of alcohols - distinction between 1°, 2° and 3° alcohols - General methods of preparation of primary alcohols, properties
• Methods of preparation of dihydric alcohols: Glycol - Properties - Uses. Methods of preparation of trihydric alcohols - Properties - Uses

• Aromatic alcohols - preparation and properties of phenols and benzyl alcohol; Ethers - Nomenclature of ethers - general methods of preparation of aliphatic ethers - Properties - Uses. Aromatic ethers - Preparation of Anisole - Uses

Carbonyl Compounds

• Nomenclature of carbonyl compounds - Comparison of aldehydes and ketones.
• General methods of preparation of aldehydes - Properties - Uses. Aromatic aldehydes - Preparation of benzaldehyde - Properties and Uses
• Ketones - general methods of preparation of aliphatic ketones (acetone) - Properties - Uses.
• Aromatic ketones - preparation of acetophenone - Properties - Uses, preparation of benzophenone - Properties.
• Name reactions; Clemmensen reduction, Wolff - Kishner reduction, Cannizzaro reaction, Claisen Schmidt reaction, Benzoin Condensation, Aldol Condensation
• Preparation and applications of Grignard reagents.

Carboxylic Acids and their derivatives

• Nomenclature - Preparation of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids - formic acid - Properties - Uses.
• Monohydroxy mono carboxylic acids; Lactic acid - Synthesis of lactic acid.
• Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids; Preparation of oxalic and succinic acids.
• Aromatic acids: Benzoic and Salicylic acids - Properties - Uses.
• Derivatives of carboxylic acids; acetyl chloride (CH3COCl) - Preparation - Properties - Uses
• Preparation of acetamide, Properties - acetic anhydride - Preparation, Properties. Preparation of esters - methyl acetate - Properties

Organic Nitrogen Compounds Organic Nitrogen Compounds

• Aliphatic nitro compounds - Preparation of aliphatic nitroalkanes - Properties - Uses.
• Aromatic nitro compounds - Preparation - Properties - Uses.
• Distinction between aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds.
• Amines; aliphatic amines - General methods of preparation - Properties - Distinction between 1°, 2° and 3°amines.
• Aromatic amines - Synthesis of benzylamine - Properties, Aniline - Preparation - Properties - Uses.
• Differences between aliphatic and aromatic amines. Aliphatic nitriles - Preparation - properties - Uses.
• Diazonium salts - Preparation of benzene diazonium chloride - Properties.

Biomolecules and Polymers

• Carbohydrates – Distinction between sugars and non-sugars, structural formulae of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, with their linkages, invert sugar – definition, examples of oligo and polysaccharides
• Amino acids and Proteins – Classification of amino acids with examples, Peptides - properties of peptide bond;
• Proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes
• Lipids - Definition, classification with examples, difference between fats, oils, and waxes.
• Nucleic acids – Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA Polymers - Classification – Natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization.
• Some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyesters, Bakelite, rubber. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.