Bihar Board Class 12 Computer Science Syllabus 2025-26 - Download Syllabus PDF

Programming in C++

REVIEW: C+ covered in Class-XI,

Defining a symbol name using typedef keyword and defining a macro using #define directive; Need for User defined data type;

Structures: Defining a Structure, Declaring structure variables, Accessing structure elements, Passing structure to Functions as value and reference argument / parameter. Function returning structure, Array of structures, passing an array of structure as argument / a parameter to a function;

Object Oriented Programming: Concept of Object Oriented Programming - data hiding, Data encapsulation, Class and Object, Abstract class and Concrete class, Polymorphism (Implementation of polymorphism using Function overloading as an example in C++); Inheritance, Advantages of Object Oriented Programming over earlier programming methodologies.

Implementation of Object Oriented Programming concepts in C++: Definition of a class, Members of a class - Data Members and Member Functions (methods), Using Private and Public visibility modes, default visibility mode (private); Member function definition: inside class definition and outside class definition using scope resolution operator (:): Declaration of objects as instances of a class: accessing members from object(s), Array of type class, Objects as function arguments - pass by value and pass by reference;

Constructor and Destructor:

* Constructor: Special Characteristics, Declaration and Definition of a constructor, Default Constructor, Overloaded Constructors, Copy Constructor, Constructer with default arguments Destructor: Special Characteristics, Declaration and definition of destructor;

Inheritance (Extending Classes) : Concept of Inheritance, Base Class, Derived Class, Defining derived classes, protected visibility mode: Single level inheritance, Multilevel inheritance and Multiple inheritance, Privately derived, Publically derived and Protectedly derived class, accessibility of members (ron objects and within derived class(es):

Data File Handling: Need for a data file. Types of data files - Test file and Binary file.

Basic file operations on text file: Creating / Writing text into file, Reading and Manipulation of text from an already existing text File (accessing sequentially)

Binary File: Creation of file, Writing data into file, Searching for required data from File, Appending data to a file, Insertion of data in sorted file, Deletion of data from file, Modification of data in a file:

Implementation of above mentioned data file handling in C+*;

Components of C++ to be used with file handling :

Header file : fstream.he ifstream, ofstream, fstream classes:

Opening a text file in in, our, and app modes;

Using cascading operators for writing text to the file and reading lest from the file, open(), get(), put(). getline() and close() functions; Detecting end-of-file (with or without using of() function): Opening a binary file using in, out, and app modes;

Open(), read(), write and close() functions: Detecting end-of-file (with or without using coff) function): tellg(), tellp(), seek(), seekp() functions.

Pointers: Declaration and Initialization of Pointers, Dynamic memory allocation / deallocation operations; new, delete; Pointers and Arrays: Array of Pointers, Pointer to an array (I dimensional array), Function returning a pointer, Reference variables and use of alas; Function call by reference.

Pointer to structures: Deference operator: *, -*; self referential structures;

Data Structures

Arrays: One and two Dimensional arrays: Sequential allocation and address calculation:

One dimensional array : Traversal, Searching (Linear, Binary Search), Insertion of an element in an array, deletion of an element from an array, Sorting (Insertion, Selection, Bubble sort), concatenation of two linear arrays, merging of two sorted arrays.

Two dimensional arrays-: Traversal, Finding sum / difference of two NM arrays containing numeric values, Interchanging Row and Column elements in two dimensional array:

• Stack (Array and Linked implementation of Stack) : Operations on Stack (PUSH and POP) and its Implementation in C++, Couverting expressions from INFIX or POSTFIX notation and evaluation of Postfix expression:

• Queue (Circular Array and Linked Implementation) : Operations on Queue (Insert and Delete) and its Implementation in C++.

Databases and SQL

Database Concepts: Relational data model: Concept of domain, tuple, relation, key, primary key. alternate key, candidate key:

Relational algebra: Selection, Projection, Union and Cartesian product;

Structured Query Language: General Concepts: Advantages of using SQL. Data Definition Language

and Data Manipulation Language :

Data types: NUMBER, CHARACTER, DATE:

SQL Commands:

CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE, UPDATE, SET, INSERT, DELETE, SELECT, DISTINCT, FROM, WHERE, IN, BETWEEN, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY:

SQL Functions: SUM, AVG, MAX, AND MIN;

Note: Implementation of above mentioned commands could be done on any SQL supported software.

Boolean Algebra

Binary-valued Quantities, Boolean Variable, Boolean Constant and Boolean Operators: AND. OR. NO?

Truth tables; Closure Property, Commutative Law Associative Law, Identity Law. Inverse law, Principle of Duality, Idem potent Law, Distributive Law, Absorption Law, Involution law, Demorgan's Law and their applications:

Obtaining Sum of Product (SOP) and Product ef Sum (POS) form from the Truth Table, Reducing Boolean Expression (SOP and POS) to its minimal form. Use of Karnaugh Map for minimisation of Boolean expressions (up to 4 variables):

Basic Logic Gates (NOT, AND, OR, NOR) and their use in circuits.

COMMUNICATION AND NETWORK CONCEPTS

Evolution of Networking : ARPANET, Internet, Interspace:

Different ways of sending data across the network with reference to switching techniques:

Data Communication terminologies: Concept of Channel, Baud, Bandwidth (Hz. KHz, MHz) and Data transfer rate (bps. kbps, Mbps. Gbps. Tops):

Transmission media: Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, infrared, radio link, microwave link and satellite link.

Network devices: Modem, Rj45 connector, Ethernet Card, Hub, Switch, Gateway:

Different Topologies - Bus, Star Tree: Concepts of LAN. WAN, MAN;

Protocol: TCP/ IP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), PPP, Level-Remote Login (Telnet), Internet, Wireless / Mobile Communication, GSM, CDMA, WLL, 3G, SMS, Voice Mail, Application Electronic Mail,

Chat, Video Conferencing:

Network Security Concepts: Cyber Law, Virus threats and prevention, Firewall, Cookies, Hacking:

WebPages: Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), eXtensible Markup Language (XML): Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP): Domain Names: URL: Protocol Address: Website, Web browser, Web Server:

Web Hosting.

Programming in C++

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SQL command

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Project work

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Viva voce

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