CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Released : Download Latest and Revised CBSE Class 12th Syllabus PDF with Subject-wise

Kaleidoscope-Short Stories

Stories

- I Sell My Dreams

- Eveline

- A Wedding in Brownsville

Kaleidoscope-Poetry

Poems

- A Lecture Upon the Shadow

- Poems by Milton

- Poems by Blake

- Kubla Khan

- Trees

- The Wild Swans of Coole

- Time and Time Again

Kaleidoscope-Non fiction

Essays

- Freedom

- The Mark on the Wall

- Film-making

- Why the Novel Matters

- The Argumentative Indian

Kaleidoscope-Drama

Play

- Chandalika - RABINDRANATH TAGORE

Part A: Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies

-

Unit 1. Accounting for Partnership Firms

Partnership

Goodwill

Change in the Profit Sharing Ratio among the existing partners

Admission of a partner

Retirement and death of a partner

Calculation of the deceased partner’s share of

profit till the date of death

Preparation of

deceased partner’s capital account and his

executor’s account.

Dissolution of a partnership firm

Unit 2. Accounting for Companies

Accounting for Share Capital

Accounting for Debentures

Part B: Financial Statement Analysis

-

Unit 3. Analysis of Financial Statements

Financial statements of a Company

Statement of Profit and Loss in Balance Sheet

Unit 4. Cash Flow Statement

Meaning, objectives Benefits, Cash and Cash

Equivalents, Classification of Activities and

preparation

Part A: Principles and Functions of Management

1. Nature and Significance of Management

Management - concept, objectives, and importance

Management as Science, Art and Profession

Levels of Management

Management functions-planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling

Coordination- concept and importance

2. Principles of Management

Principles of Management - concept and significance

Fayol’s principles of management

Taylor’s Scientific management - principles and techniques

3. Business Environment

Business Environment- concept and importance

Dimensions of Business Environment - Economic, Social, Technological, Political and Legal

Demonetization - concept and features

4. Planning

Planning: Concept, importance and limitation

Planning process

Single use and Standing Plans. Objectives, Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule, Budget and Programme

5. Organising

Organising: Concept and importance

Organising Process

Structure of organisation- functional and divisional concept. Formal and informal organization - concept

Delegation: concept, elements and importance

Decentralization: concept and importance

6. Staffing

Staffing: Concept and importance of staffing

Staffing as a part of Human Resource Management concep

Staffing process

Recruitment process

Selection – process

Training and Development - Concept and importance, Methods of training - on thejob and off the job - vestibule training, apprenticeship training and internship training

7. Directing

Directing: Concept and importance

Elements of Directing

Motivation - concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Financial and non-financial incentives

Leadership - concept, styles - authoritative, democratic and laissez faire

Communication - concept, formal and informal communication; barriers to effective communication, how to overcome the barriers?

8. Controlling

Controlling - Concept and importance

Relationship between planning and controlling

Steps in process of control

Part B: Business Finance and Marketing

9. Financial Management

Financial Management: Concept, role and objectives

Financial decisions: investment, financing and dividend - Meaning and factors affecting

Financial Planning - concept and importance

Capital Structure – concept and factors affecting capital structure

Fixed and Working Capital - Concept and factors affecting their requirements

10. Financial Markets

Financial Markets: Concept

Money Market: Concept

Capital market and its types (primary and secondary)

Stock Exchange - Functions and trading procedure

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) - objectives and functions

11. Marketing Management

Marketing – Concept, functions and philosophies

Marketing Mix – Concept and elements

Product – branding, labelling and packaging – Concept

Price - Concept, Factors determining price

Physical Distribution – concept, components and channels of distribution

Promotion – Concept and elements; Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion and Public Relations

12. Consumer Protection

Consumer Protection: Concept and importance

The Consumer Protection Act, 2019:

Meaning of consumer Rights and responsibilities of consumers Who can file a complaint? Redressal machinery, Remedies Available

Consumer awareness - Role of consumer organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates (30 Periods)

What is Macroeconomics?

Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.

Circular flow of income (two sector model); Methods of calculating National Income - Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method.

Aggregates related to National Income:

Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP

GDP Deflator, GDP and Welfare

Unit 2: Money and Banking (15 Periods)

Money – meaning and functions, supply of money - Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks.

Money creation by the commercial banking system.

Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Banker's Bank, Control of Credit through Bank Rate, Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR), Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, and Margin requirement.

Unit 3: Determination of Income and Employment (30 Periods)

Aggregate demand and its components.

Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal). Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism. Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment.

Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them - changes in government spending, taxes and money supply.

Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy (17 Periods)

Government budget - meaning, objectives and components. Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts;

Classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure. Balanced, Surplus and Deficit Budget – measures of government deficit.

Unit 5: Balance of Payments (18 Periods)

Balance of payments account - meaning and components; Balance of payments – Surplus and Deficit

Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating. Determination of exchange rate in a free market, Merits and demerits of flexible and fixed exchange rate.

Managed Floating exchange rate system

Part B: Indian Economic Development

Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991: (28 Periods)

A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence. Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans.

Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural

strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance) and foreign trade.

Economic Reforms since 1991:

Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy); Concepts of demonetization and GST

Unit 7: Current challenges facing Indian Economy (60 Periods)

Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India

Rural development: Key issues - credit and marketing - role of cooperatives; agricultural diversification; alternative farming - organic farming

Employment: Growth and changes in work force participation  rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies

Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment, including global warming

Unit 8: Development Experience of India: (12 Periods)

A comparison with neighbours India and Pakistan

India and China

Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development and other Human Development Indicators

Theme No.

Theme Title

Periods

Marks

1

Bricks, Beads and Bones

The Harappa Civilisation

15

25

2

Kings, Farmers and Towns

Early States and Economies (c.600 BCE600 CE)

15

3

Kingship, Caste and class

Early Societies (c. 600 BCE600 CE)

15

4

Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings

Cultural Developments (c. 600 BCE600 CE)

15

Themes in Indian History

Part—II

25 marks

5

Through the eyes of Travellers

Perceptions of Society (c. tenth to seventeenth centuries)

15

25

6

Bhakti-Sufi Traditions

Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts (c. eighth to eighteenth centuries)

15

7

An Imperial Capital – Vijayanagar (c. fourteenth to sixteenth centuries)

15

8

Peasants, zamindars and the States Agrarian Society and the Mughal Empire (c.

sixteenth-seventeenth centuries)

15

Themes in Indian History Part—III 25 marks

Part-III

Theme No.

Theme Title

Periods

Marks

9

Colonialism and The Countryside

Exploring Official Archives

15

25

10

Rebels and Raj

1857 Revolt and its Representations

15

11

Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement

Civil Disobedience and Beyond

15

12

Framing of the Constitution

The Beginning of a New Era

15

Including Map work of the related Themes

15

5

Theory Total

80

Project Work

25

20

TOTAL

220

100

PART A-CONTEMPORARY WORLD POLITICS

The End of Bipolarity

a) The Soviet System

b) Gorbachev and the disintegration

c) Causes and Consequences of disintegration of Soviet Union

d) Shock Therapy and its Consequences

e) New entities in world politics

Russia

Balkan States

Central Asian States

f) India's relations with Russia and other post-communist countries

Contemporary Centres of Power

a) European Union

b) Association of Southeast Asian Nations

c) Rise of China as an economic power

d) Japan and South Korea as emerging powers

Contemporary South Asia

a) Military and Democracy in Pakistan and Bangladesh

b) Monarchy and Democracy in Nepal

c) Ethnic Conflict and Democracy in Sri Lanka

d) India-Pakistan Conflicts

e) India and its Neighbours

f) Peace and Cooperation

International Organisations

a) Meaning and importance of International Organisations

b) Evolution of the UN

c) Structure and function of International Organisations

d) Principal Organs of UN

e) Reform of the UN after Cold War

f) Reform of Structures, Processes and Jurisdiction of the UN

g) India and the UN Reformsh) Key Agencies: IMF, World Bank, WTO, ILO, IAEA.i) NGO: Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch.

j) Implications and Future of International Organizations

Security in the Contemporary World

a) Meaning and Type of Security.

b) Traditional concept of security

c) Non-tradition notions of Security.

d) New Sources of Threats

e) Cooperative Security

f) India’s Security Strategy

Environment and Natural Resources

a) Environmental Concerns

b) Global Commons

c) Common but differentiated Responsibilities

d) India’s Stand on Environment Issues

e) Environmental Movements

f) Resource Geopolitics

g) Rights of Indigenous peoples

Globalisation

a) Concept of globalization

b) Causes and Consequences of globalization

c) India and globalization

d) Resistance to globalization

e) India and resistance to globalization

PART B-POLITICS IN INDIA SINCE INDEPENDENCE

Challenges of Nation-Building

a) Challenges for the new Nation. Three Challenges.

b) Partition: Displacement and Rehabilitation. Consequences of Partition.

c) Integration of Princely States.

The problem with the Government’s approach

Hyderabad

Manipur

d) Reorganisation of States

Era of One-Party Dominance

a) Challenge of building democracy.

b) Congress dominance in the first three general elections.

Nature of Congress dominance

Congress as a social and ideological coalition.

Tolerance and management of Factions

c) Emergence of opposition parties.

Politics of Planned Development

a) Political contestation.

Ideas of Development.

Planning

Planning Commission

b) The Early Initiatives

The First Five Year Plan.

Rapid Industrialisation.

India’s External Relations

a) International Context

b) The Policy of Non-Alignment.

Nehru’s role

Distance from two camps.

Afro-Asian Unity

c) Peace and conflict with China

The Chinese Invasion1962

War and Peace with Pakistan

Bangladesh War 1971

d) India’s Nuclear Policy

Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System

a) Challenge of Political Succession

From Nehru to Shastri

From Shastri to Indira

Gandhi

b) Fourth General Election 1967

Context of the Election.

Non-Congressism

Electoral Verdict

Coalitions

Defections

c) Split in the Congress

Indira vs the Syndicate

Presidential Election 1969

d) The 1971 Election and Restoration of Congress

The outcome and after Restoration?

The Crisis of Democratic Order

a) Background to Emergency.

Economic Context.

Gujarat and Bihar Movements

Conflict with Judiciary

b) Declaration of Emergency

Crisis and Response

Consequences

c) Lessons of the Emergency.

d)Politics after Emergency.

Lok Sabha Elections 1977

Janata Government

Legacy

Regional Aspirations

a) Region and the Nation

Indian Approach

Areas of Tension

Jammu and Kashmir

Roots of the Problem

External and Internal disputes

Politics since 1948

Insurgency and After

2022 and Beyond

b) Punjab

Political Context

Cycle of Violence

Road to Peace

c) The Northeast's Demand for autonomy

Secessionist Movements

Movements against outsiders

Assam and National Integration

Recent Developments in Indian Politics

a) Context of 1990s

b) Era of Coalition

Alliance Politics

c) Political rise of the Backward Classes

Mandal Implemented

Political Fallouts

d) Communalism, Secularism and Democracy. Ayodhya Dispute

Demolition and after

e) Emergence of New Consensus

f) Lok Sabha Elections 2004

g) Growing Consensus

Total

-

Work, livelihood and Career

UNIT II: Nutrition, Food Science and Technology

Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics

Public Nutrition and Health

Food Processing and Technology

Food Quality and Food Safety

UNIT III: Human Development and Family Studies

Early Childhood Care and Education

Management of Support Services, Institutions and Programmes for Children, Youth and Elderly

UNIT IV: Fabric and Apparel

Design for Fabric and Apparel

Fashion Design and Merchandising

Care and Maintenance of Fabrics in Institutions

UNIT V: Resource management

Hospitality Management

Consumer Education and Protection

UNIT VI: Communication and Extension

Development Communication and Journalism

Relations and Functions

Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations.

One-to-one and onto functions.

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Definition, range, domain, principal value branch.

Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions.

Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions.

Matrices

Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices.

Operation on matrices: Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication.

Commutativity of multiplication of matrices and the existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrices.

Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse.

Determinants

Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors, cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix.

Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of a system of linear equations by examples, solving a system of linear equations in two or three variables using the inverse of a matrix.

Continuity and Differentiability

Continuity and differentiability, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit functions, Concepts of exponential and logarithmic

functions.

Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions.

Logarithmic differentiation is a derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second-order derivatives.

Application of Derivatives

Applications of derivatives: rate of change of bodies, increasing/decreasing functions.

Use of derivatives in maxima and minima.

Integrals

Integration is the inverse process of differentiation.

Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them.

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof).

Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.

Application of Integrals

Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/parabolas/ellipses (in standard form)

Differential Equations

Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation.

Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree.

Solutions of linear differential equation of the given type.

Vector Algebra

Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector, direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector.

Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio.

Definition, Geometrical Interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors, scalar triple product of vectors.

Three Dimensional Geometry

Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points.

Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, the shortest distance between two lines, and Cartesian and vector equation of a plane.

The angle between two lines.

Linear Programming

Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, and different types of linear programming problems.

The mathematical formulation of L.P. Problems, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded and unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints).

Probability

Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability

Independent events, total probability, Baye’s theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution, mean and variance of a random variable.

Chapter 1 – Electric Charges and Fields

Electric charges

Conservation of charge

Coulomb’s law force between two-point charges

Forces between numerous charges; superposition concept and continuous charge distribution.

Electric field, electric field owing to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.

Electric flux

Statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to discover field owing to infinitely long straight wire, evenly charged infinite flat sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).

Chapter 2 – Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential because of a point charge, a dipole and a system of charges;

Equipotential surfaces, the electrical potential energy of a system of two-point charges and an electric dipole in an electrostatic field.

Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges within a conductor.

Dielectrics and electric polarization.

Capacitors and capacitance.

Combination of capacitors in series and parallel.

The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, equations just).

Chapter 3 – Current Electricity

Electric current, the movement of electric charges in a metallic conductor,

Drift velocity, mobility and their link with electric current

Ohm’s law

V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear)

Electrical energy and power

Electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependency of resistance.

The internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and parallel

Kirchhoff’s laws

Wheatstone bridge.

Chapter 4 – Moving Charges and Magnetism

Concept of the magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment

Biot – Savart law and its application to the current carrying circular loop.

Ampere’s law and its applicability to infinitely long straight wire.

Straight solenoid (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge under homogenous magnetic and electric fields.

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, the force between two parallel current-carrying conductors.

The definition of an ampere is torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field.

Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, moving coil galvanometer its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Chapter 5 – Magnetism and Matter

Bar magnet, bar magnet as an analogous solenoid (qualitative treatment only),

Magnetic field intensity owing to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only),

Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a homogeneous magnetic field (qualitative treatment only),

Magnetic field lines.

Magnetic characteristics of materials- Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic compounds with examples,

Magnetization of materials, the influence of temperature on magnetic characteristics.

Chapter 6 – Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction

Faraday’s laws induced EMF and current Lenz’s Law Self and mutual induction.

Chapter 7 – Alternating Current

Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage;

Reactance and impedance

LCR series circuit (phasors independently), resonance, power in AC circuits, power factor, watt less current.

AC generator

Transformer.

Chapter 8 – Electromagnetic Waves

The basic concept of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their properties, and their transverse nature (qualitative concept only).

The electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) contains simple information about its usage.

Chapter 9 – Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, a combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism.

Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying capacities.

Chapter 10 – Wave Optics

Wave optics: Wave front and Huygens principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface utilising wavefronts.

Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens concept. Interference.

Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width (No derivation final expression only), coherent sources and prolonged interference of light, diffraction owing to a single slit, and breadth of central maxima (qualitative treatment only).

Chapter 11 – Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Dual nature of radiation.

Photoelectric effect.

Hertz and Lenard’s observations.

Einstein’s photoelectric equation-particle nature of light.

Experimental examination of the photoelectric effect.

Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation.

Chapter 12 – Atoms

Alpha-particle scattering experiment.

Rutherford’s model of the atom.

Bohr model of the hydrogen atom.

Expression for the radius of the nth potential orbit, velocity and energy of an electron in his orbit, of hydrogen line spectra (qualitative treatment only).

Chapter 13 – Nuclei

Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force Mass-energy connection, mass defect.

Binding energy per nucleon and its fluctuation with mass number.

Nuclear fission.

Nuclear fusion.

Chapter 14 – Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices, and Simple Circuits

Energy bands in conductors

Semiconductors and insulators (qualitative concepts only)

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n-type, p-n junction

Semiconductor diode – I-V characteristics in forward

Reverse bias use of junction diode -diode as a rectifier

VI

Reproduction

Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Chapter-3: Human Reproduction

Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis -spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).

Chapter-4: Reproductive Health

Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).

VII

Genetics and Evolution

Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.

Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.

Chapter-7: Evolution

Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy- Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.

VIII

Biology and Human Welfare

Chapter-8: Human Health and Diseases

Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescent - drug and alcohol abuse.

Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare

Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.

IX

Biotechnology and its Applications

Chapter-11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes

Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Applications

Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals;biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.

X

Ecology and Environment

Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations

Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Aboitic Factors, Responses to Abioitic Factors, Adaptations)

Chapter-14: Ecosystem

Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles).

Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation

Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries, and Ramsar sites.

1

Solutions

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor.

2

Electrochemistry

Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion.

3

Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation.

4

d- and f-Block Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.

Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.

Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.

5

Coordination Compounds

Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system).

6

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions.

Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only). Uses and environmental effects of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.

7

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

8

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.

Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.

9

Amines

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

10

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, and glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.

Proteins - Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones - elementary idea excluding structure.

Vitamins - Classification and functions.

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.

1

Computational Thinking and Programming – 2

Revision of Python topics covered in Class XI.

Functions

Exception Handling

Text file

Binary file

CSV file

Data Structure

2

Computer Networks

Evolution of Networking

Transmission media

Network topologies and Network types

Network protocol

Introduction to Web Services

3

Database Management

Database concepts

Relational data model

Structured Query Language

Interface of Python with an SQL database

SECTION A

READING COMPREHENSION

• Note-making and Summarizing

SECTION B

WRITING SKILLS

• Advertisements, Posters, Business and Official letters, Debate, Speech

SECTION C: Literature Textbooks:

Flamingo (Poetry)

• Chapter 2: An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum

Vistas (Prose)

• Chapter 5: Should Wizard Hit Mommy
• Chapter 7: Evans Tries an O-Level

Kaleidoscope (Short Story)

• Tomorrow
• One cm

Kaleidoscope (Poetry)

• Blood

Kaleidoscope ( Non-Fiction)

• Science Fiction
• Argumentative Indian

Kaleidoscope (Drama)

• Broken Images

Relations and Functions

Relations and Functions

Composite functions, inverse of a function

Relations and Functions

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions

Algebra

Matrices

Concept of elementary row and column operations.

Algebra

Determinants

Properties of determinants

Calculus

Continuity and Differentiability

Derivative of composite functionRolle’s and Lagrange's Mean ValueTheorems (without proof) and their geometric interpretation

Calculus

Applications of Derivatives

Tangents and normalsUse of derivatives in approximation

Calculus

Integrals

Definite integrals as a limit of a sum,

Calculus

Applications of the Integrals

Area between any of the two above said curves

Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry

Vectors

Scalar triple product of vectors

Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry

Three - dimensional Geometry

Co-planar  linesCartesian and vectorEquation of a plane.Angle between (i) two lines, (ii) two planes, (iii) a line and a plane. Distance of a point from a plane

Linear Programming

Linear Programming

Different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems mathematical formulation of L.P. problems

Probability

Probability

Variance of random variable

Current Electricity

Chapter–3: Current Electricity

Electrical Resistance, Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors, metre bridge, Potentiometer - principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing EMF of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell

Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Cyclotron

Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter

magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction

Eddy currents

Chapter–7: Alternating Current

LC oscillations

Optics

Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Scattering of light - blue colour of sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset

Chapter–10: Wave Optics

resolving power of microscope and astronomical telescope, polarisation, plane polarised light, Brewster's law, uses of plane polarised light and Polaroids

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Davisson-Germer experiment

Atoms and Nuclei

Chapter–13: Nuclei

Radioactivity, alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law.

Electronic Devices

Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Special purpose p-n junction diodes: LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zenerdiode and their characteristics, zener diode as a voltage regulator

Unit IV: Surface Chemistry

(whole chapter deleted)

Unit V: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

(whole chapter deleted)

Unit VI: p -Block Elements

(whole chapter deleted)

Unit XIII: Biomolecules

(whole chapter deleted)

Unit XIV: Polymers

(whole chapter deleted)

Unit XII: Organic compounds containing Nitrogen

Renamed to Amines (Unit 9)Cyanides and Isocyanides

Unit-VI Reproduction
Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms

(whole chapter deleted)

Unit-VIII: Biology and Human Welfare
Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

(whole chapter deleted)

Unit-X Ecology and Environment
Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations

Organism and its Environment, Major Aboitic Factors, Responses to Abioitic Factors, Adaptations

Unit-X Ecology and Environment
Chapter-14: Ecosystem

Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles

PRACTICALS A. List of Experiments

2. Collect and study soil from at least two different sites and study them for texture, moisture content, pH and water holding capacity. Correlate with the kinds of plants found in them.

3. Collect water from two different water bodies around you and study them for pH, clarity and presence of any living organism.

4. Study the presence of suspended particulate matter in air at two widely different sites.

8. Study the effect of different temperatures and three different pH on the activity of salivary amylase on starch.

PRACTICALS B. Study/observation of the following (Spotting)

10. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in xeric conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.

11. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in aquatic conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.

Part A: Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organizations, Partnership Firms and Companies Unit 1. Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organizations

Unit 1. Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organizations(whole chapter deleted)

Part B Financial Statement Analysis

Unit 4. Analysis of Financial Statements

Comparative statements, common sizestatements

Part B: Computerised Accounting

Unit 3: Computerised Accounting

DBMS Concept and Features of DBMS. DBMS in Business Application .Generating Accounting Information Payroll

Unit 3: Business Environment

Impact of Government policy changes on business with special reference to liberalization, privatization and globalization in India

Unit 10: Financial Markets

• Functions and Types of Financial Markets
• Instruments of Money market
• Methods of floatation in the primary market

Unit 12: Consumer Protection

Consumer Protection A

Government Budget and the Economy

• Revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit their meaning

Balance of Payments

• Merits and demerits of flexible and fixed exchange rate

Current challenges facing Indian Economy

• Poverty- absolute and relative; Main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical Assessment
• Infrastructure- Meaning and Types: Case Studies: Energy and Health: Problems and Policies- A critical assessment

1

Themes in Indian History Part-II

9. The Mughal Court: Reconstructing Histories through Chronicles

Whole chapter deleted

2

Themes in Indian History Part-III

10. Colonialism and Rural Society: Evidence from Official Reports

Broad overview:b. East India Company, revenue settlements in various regions of India and surveysc. Changes over the nineteenth century

Excerpts: Accounts of Frances Buchanan-Hamilton, and Deccan Riots Report.

3

Themes in Indian History Part-III

12. Colonialism and Indian Towns: Town Plans and Municipal Reports

Whole chapter deleted

4

Themes in Indian History Part-III

14. Partition through Oral Sources

Whole chapter deleted

5

LIST OF MAPS

Book 3Page 297

Daccan, Chitagong

VIII Psychology and Life

Whole chapter deleted

IX Developing Psychological Skills

Whole chapter deleted

V Therapeutic Approaches

Psychodynamic TherapyBiomedical Therapy

VI Attitude and Social Cognition

• 7. Social Cognition
• 8. Schemas and Stereotypes
• 9. Impression Formation and Explaining
• 10. Behaviour of Others through Attributions Impression Formation Attribution of Causality
• 11. Behaviour in the Presence of Others
• 12. Pro-social BehaviourFactors Affecting Pro-social Behaviour

VII Social Influence and Group Processes

• 5. Conformity, Compliance and Obedience
• 6. Cooperation and CompetitionDeterminants of Cooperation and Competition
• 7. Social Identity
• 8. Intergroup Conflict: Nature and Causes
• 9. Conflict Resolution Strategies

UNIT 1

Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope

4-5

Human Geography Through the Corridors of Time, Last Paragraph of Fields and Sub-Fields of Human Geography

UNIT 2

Chapter 2: The World Population Distribution, Density and Growth

9

11-14

Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, Activity on Migration News Collage, Trends in Population Growth, Doubling Time of World Population, Spatial Pattern of Population Change, Impact of Population Change, Fig.2.2

Chapter 3: Population Composition

17-21

Full Chapter

UNIT 3

Chapter 6: Secondary Activities

51-53

Traditional Large Scale Industrial Regions, The Ruhr Coal Field, Iron and Steel Industry, Cotton Textile Industry

Chapter 7: Tertiary and Quarternary Activities

60-61

Factors Affecting Tourism, Collage and Activity on Medical Tourism

Chapter 9: International Trade

84–85

87

Important Aspects of International Trade, Regional Trade Blocs, Figures 9.1 and 9.3

UNIT 4

Chapter 10: Human Settlements

91-102

Full Chapter

Appendix 1

103-109

Full Appendix

Note: The questions given in the exercises related to the deleted content of different chapters should not be considered.

UNIT 1

Chapter 2: Migration: Types, Causes and Consequences

15–22

Full Chapter

Chapter 3: Human Development

23–31

Full Chapter

UNIT 2

Chapter 4: Human Settlements

35-37

Classification of Towns based on Population Size, Fig.4.5, Tables 4.2 and 4.3

UNIT 3

Chapter 7: Mineral and Energy Resources

78

Box information, Fig. 7.4

Chapter 8: Manufacturing Industries

85-103

Full Chapter

UNIT 4

Chapter 10: Transport and Communication

120-121

Box Information and First Three Lines from page 121

Note: The questions given in the exercises related to the deleted content of different chapters should not be considered.

Chapter 1: The Cold War Era

1-16

Full Chapter

Chapter 3: US Hegemony in World Politics

31-50

Full Chapter

Chapter 3: Politics of Planned Development

54-61

Full 8 Pages

62

Content with Visual

63

Exercise Questions 7, 8 and 9

Chapter 6: The Crisis of Democratic Order

105

113–117

Full Chapter

“Controversies regarding Emergency”

Chapter 7: Rise of Popular Movements

128–147

Full Chapter

Chapter 9: Recent Developments in Indian Politics

187-189

“Gujarat Riots”

194

Question 1(f)

आरोह भाग-2

काव्य खंड

गजानन माधव मुक्तिबोध- सहर्ष स्वीकारा है(पूरा पाठ)

27-33

फ़िराक गोरखपुरी- गज़ल

59-61

गद्य खंड

विष्णु खरे- चार्ली चैप्लिन यानी हम सब(पूरा पाठ)

118-127

रजिया सज्जाद ज़हीर- नमक(पूरा पाठ)

128-140

वितान भाग-2

एन फ्रैंक- डायरी के पन्ने

53-78

अं तरा भाग-2

सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी निराला - गीत गाने दो मुझे (घटाया गया पाठ का अंश और उससे संबधित अभ्यास प्रश्न

10, 13

विष्णु खरे- एक कम,सत्य (पूरा पाठ)

28-34

केशवदास- रामचंद्रिका (पूरा पाठ)

61-63

घनानंद- सवैया (घटाया गया पाठ का अंश और उससे संबधित प्रश्न अभ्यास)

67-68

ब्रजमोहन व्यास- कच्चा चिट्ठा (पूरा पाठ)

88-100

रामविलास शर्मा-यथास्मै रोचते विश्वम (पूरा पाठ)

141-146

अंतराल भाग-2

संजीव-आरोहण

12-32