Bihar Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26: Check Chapter-Wise Topics Here

Electrostatics

08

Current Electricity

07

Magnetic Effect of Current & Magnetism

04

Magnesium and Matter

04

Electromagnetic Induction

02

Ray Optics

09

Dual Nature of Matter

04

Atoms & Nuclei

06

Semicounducters

07

Communication System

07

Total

70

• Electric charges include the Superposition Principle, Coulomb's Law, the Law of Conservation of Charge, the force between two point charges, and the force between many charges.
• Electric Field: (i) Electric field due to a point charge, (ii) electric field due to a dipole, (iii) torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field, (iv) Electric Field Lines; Electric flux: Gauss's theorem and its applications; Electric field (i) due to an infinitely long straight wire (ii) uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside) and (iii) uniformly charged infinite plane sheet.
• Equipotential surfaces, the system of charges and dipole, and the potential difference make up the electric potential.
• Charges within a conductor, polarization, capacitors and capacitance, series and parallel combinations of capacitors, parallel plate capacitors, and energy stored in capacitors are all examples of conductors and insulators.
• Van de Graff Generator: Operational Principles, Concept, and Structure.

• Electric current flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity and mobility, and their relation with electric current, Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I.
• Characteristic ( linear and non-linear ), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors, series & parallel combinations of resistors, temperature dependence of resistance, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and parallel.
• Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications, wheatstone bridge, meter bridge. Potentiometer–principle and applications to measure potential difference and for comparing emf of two cells, measurement of internal resistance of a cell.

• Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment Biot–sevart law and its application to a current-carrying circular loop.
• Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids, Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and the field, cyclotron.
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel current–carrying conductors – definition of ampere, Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field, moving coil galvanometers, its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter, voltage current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment.
• Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis.
• Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines, Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements.
• Para-dia & Ferro-magnetic substances, with examples.
• Electromagnets and factors affecting their strength, permanent magnets.

• Electromagnetic induction, Faraday’s law, induced emf and current, Lenz’s law, Eddy currents, self and mutual inductance. Need for displacement current.
• Alternating currents, peak and rms value of AC/voltage, reactance and impedance, LC, oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance, power in AC Circuits, wattless current.
• AC generator and transformer.

• The properties and nature of electromagnetic waves.
• The electromagnetic spectrum: gamma, X, ultraviolet, infrared, microwave, and radio waves.

• Reflection types of mirror, spherical mirrors, mirror formula.
• Refraction: lenses, optical fibers, lens formula, lens maker's formula, total internal reflection, and its applications.
• Magnification power of a lens, thin lenses combination in contact.
• Prism Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism, Scattering of light, Concept of appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset.

• Human eye development, including astigmatism, myopia, hypermetropia, and presbyopia
• Lenses for the correction of visual deficiencies
• Astronomical telescopes and microscopes

• Young's double-slit experiment expression for fringe width: interference
• Diffraction caused by a single center maximum seat width
• Astronomical telescopes and microscopes have resolving power.
• Polarization: Polaroids, plane-polarized light, Brewster's law, and applications of plane-polarized light

• Matter Waves - Wave nature of particles
• Photoelectric Effect Davisson-Germer Experiment
• Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Particle Nature of light
• De Broglie Relation
• Hertz & Lenard’s Observations

• Atomic energy levels, Bohr's Model, Rutherford's Experiment and Model, and the hydrogen emission spectrum
• Atomic masses, isotopes, isobars, isotones, and nucleus
• Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation and particles, together with their characteristics, as well as the radioactive decay law
• Nuclear fission and fusion, mass-energy ratio, mass defect and binding energy

• Features of a transistor, a transistor as a switch, and an amplifier with a same emitter configuration
• Digital and analog signals Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR): a fundamental idea

• Basic terminology used in electronic communication systems
• Block diagram of a communication system
• Signal and transmission medium bandwidth
• Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere
• The significance of modulation
• Amplitude Modulation: Production and detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave
• Sky and space wave propagation, satellite communication