Bihar Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2024-25: Check Chapter-Wise Topics Here

Electrostatics

Electric Charges

Conservation of Charge

Coulomb’s Force between the two-point charges

Forces between multiple charges

Electric Potential Energy of the system of two-point charges and the Electric Dipole

08

Current Electricity

Ohm’s law

Electrical Resistance & Resistivity

Conductivity

V-I Characteristics

(Linear & Non-Linear)

Kirchhoff’s Law: Applications

Meter Bridge

Wheatstone bridge

Potentiometer

Electric Energy

Power

07

Magnetic Effect of Current & Magnetism

Ampere’s law: statement & applications

Moving coil galvanometer

The sensitivity of moving coil galvanometer

Torque on a bar magnet/dipole kept in a uniform magnetic field

Ammeter

Voltmeter

Cyclotron

Earth’s magnetic field & magnetic materials (elements)

Force on a charge moving in uniform electric & magnetic fields

Bar Magnet as a solenoid

08

EMI & AC

EMI: Faraday’s Law

Induced Current & EMF

Peak & RMS value of Alternating current & voltage

Lenz’s Law

Reactance & Impedance

08

EM Waves

EMW: Characteristics, Transverse Nature

EM Spectrum

03

Optics

Reflection & Refraction of light

Mirror Formula

Magnification

Total Internal reflection: Applications

A combination of two thin (Concave/Convex) lenses in contact

Lens Maker’s Formula

04

Dual Nature of Matter

Matter waves - Wave nature of particles

Photoelectric effect

Davisson-Germer Experiment

Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Particle Nature of light

De Broglie Relation

Hertz & Lenard’s Observations

04

Atoms & Nuclei

Bohr model

Energy levels

Hydrogen spectrum

Alpha-particle scattering experiment

Composition & size of the nucleus

Rutherford’s model of the atom

Atomic masses 

Isotopes

Radioactive decay law

06

Electronic Devices

Transistor as a switch/as an amplifier (the common emitter configuration)

I-V characteristics of the transistor

Analog and digital signals

07

Communication System

Propagation of EMW in the atmosphere

FM

AM: Production and detection of Amplitude-Modulated Wave

07

Total

70

• Electric charges include the Superposition Principle, Coulomb's Law, the Law of Conservation of Charge, the force between two point charges, and the force between many charges. 
• Electric Field: (i) Electric field due to a point charge, (ii) electric field due to a dipole, (iii) torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field, (iv) Electric Field Lines; Electric flux: Gauss's theorem and its applications; Electric field (i) due to an infinitely long straight wire (ii) uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside) and (iii) uniformly charged infinite plane sheet.
• Equipotential surfaces, the system of charges and dipole, and the potential difference make up the electric potential.
• Charges within a conductor, polarization, capacitors and capacitance, series and parallel combinations of capacitors, parallel plate capacitors, and energy stored in capacitors are all examples of conductors and insulators.
• Van de Graff Generator: Operational Principles, Concept, and Structure.

• Ohm's Law.
• Resistance: power and conductivity, electrical energy, electrical resistivity, temperature dependency of resistance, and V-I characteristics (linear and nonlinear).
• Carbon resistors: resistor combinations with color coding.
• Cell: Potential difference, internal resistance, and cell combination.
• Kirchhoff's laws and their practical uses.
• Wheatstone Bridge: Principle and its use.
• Metre Bridge: Principle and its use.
• Principle of the potentiometer and its uses.

• The experiment of Oersted
•  The application of Biot-Savart law
• Applications of Ampere's law
•  Moving Coil Galvanometer, Ammeter, Voltmeter
• Torque on a magnetic dipole
•  Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements
•  Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets.

• Eddy currents, Lenz's Law, Faraday's Law, induced emf and current, and electromagnetic induction.
• Self-induction and mutual induction; replacement current is required.
• Alternating currents, reactance and impedance, peak and rms of the alternating current/voltage: Wattles current AC generator and transformer; power in AC circuits; resonance; LC oscillations (limited qualitative treatment); LCR series circuit.

• The properties and nature of electromagnetic waves.
• The electromagnetic spectrum: gamma, X, ultraviolet, infrared, microwave, and radio waves.

• Reflection types of mirror, spherical mirrors, mirror formula.
• Refraction: lenses, optical fibers, lens formula, lens maker's formula, total internal reflection, and its applications.
• Magnification power of a lens, thin lenses combination in contact.
• Prism Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism, Scattering of light, Concept of appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset.

• Human eye development, including astigmatism, myopia, hypermetropia, and presbyopia
• Lenses for the correction of visual deficiencies
• Astronomical telescopes and microscopes

• Young's double-slit experiment expression for fringe width: interference
• Diffraction caused by a single center maximum seat width
• Astronomical telescopes and microscopes have resolving power.
• Polarization: Polaroids, plane-polarized light, Brewster's law, and applications of plane-polarized light

• Matter Waves - Wave nature of particles
• Photoelectric Effect Davisson-Germer Experiment
• Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Particle Nature of light
• De Broglie Relation
• Hertz & Lenard’s Observations

• Atomic energy levels, Bohr's Model, Rutherford's Experiment and Model, and the hydrogen emission spectrum
• Atomic masses, isotopes, isobars, isotones, and nucleus
• Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation and particles, together with their characteristics, as well as the radioactive decay law
• Nuclear fission and fusion, mass-energy ratio, mass defect and binding energy

• Features of a transistor, a transistor as a switch, and an amplifier with a same emitter configuration
• Digital and analog signals Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR): a fundamental idea

• Basic terminology used in electronic communication systems
• Block diagram of a communication system
• Signal and transmission medium bandwidth
• Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere
• The significance of modulation
• Amplitude Modulation: Production and detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave
• Sky and space wave propagation, satellite communication