Bihar Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2025-26: Download PDF

The Bihar Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus is primarily divided into three parts: Macroeconomics, Microeconomics and Project Work. A total of 8 chapters are included in the syllabus, where Part A consists of 5 chapters and Part B consists of 4 chapters. Students can use the previous year's syllabus to prepare for the board exam since BSEB still needs to upload the latest syllabus.

The total weightage of the question paper in Economics will be 100 marks, out of which 50 marks will be allotted to MCQs. Each MCQ will carry 1 mark. The remaining 50 marks will be allotted for subjective-type questions, which will be further divided into two different sections of short-answer-type questions and long-answer-type questions. Students are required to score 33% marks overall to be considered passing students. Make sure to also check out the BSEB 12th Exam Pattern 2025-26 for other details. Check out more information about the Bihar Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2025-26 here:

Bihar Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2025-26: Course Structure

You can check the course structure of economics in the table below:

Units		Marks
Part A	Introductory Macroeconomics
	National Income and Related Aggregates	10
	Money and Banking	6
	Determination of Income and Employment	12
	Government Budget and the Economy	6
	Balance of Payments	6
Part B	Indian Economic Development	40
	Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991	12
	Current Challenges facing Indian Economy	22
	Development Experience of India – A Comparison with Neighbours	06
	Theory Paper (40+40 = 80 Marks)	40
Part C	Project Work	20

Bihar Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2025-26: Chapter-Wise

A total of 10 chapters are included in the Bihar Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus. Students can check out the detailed information about the different chapters included in the curriculum here:

Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics

Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates

• What is Macroeconomics?
• Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.
• Circular flow of income (two-sector model); Methods of calculating National Income - Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method. Aggregates related to National Income: Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross and Net Domestic Product (GDP and NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP.
• GDP and Welfare

Unit 2: Money and Banking

• Money - meaning and supply of money - Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks.
• Money creation by the commercial banking system.
• Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Banker's Bank, Control of Credit through Bank Rate, CRR, SLR, Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.

Unit  3: Determination of Income and Employment

• Aggregate demand and its components. Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal).
• Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism. Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment.
• Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them - changes in government spending, taxes and money supply.

Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy

• Government budget - meaning, objectives and components.
• Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts; classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.
• Measures of government deficit - revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit their meaning.

Unit 5: Balance of Payments

• Balance of payments account - meaning and components; balance of payments deficit meaning.
• Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating.
• Determination of exchange rate in a free market.

Part B: Indian Economic Development

Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991:

• A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence.
• Common goals of Five Year Plans.
• Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy, etc.), industry (industrial licensing, etc.) and foreign trade. Economic Reforms since 1991: Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy); Concepts of demonetization and GST.

Unit 7: Current challenges facing Indian Economy

• Poverty- absolute and relative; Main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical assessment;
• Rural development: Key issues - credit and marketing - role of cooperatives; agricultural diversification; alternative farming - organic farming
• Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India
• Employment: Formal and informal growth; problems and policies.
• Infrastructure: Meaning and Types: Case Studies: Energy and Health: Problems and Policies- A critical assessment;
• Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment, including global warming.

Unit 8: Development Experience of India:

• A comparison with neighbours
• India and Pakistan
• India and China
• Issues: growth, population, sectoral development and other Human Development Indicators.

Part C: Project in Economics

Prescribed Books:
1. Statistics for Economics, NCERT
2. Indian Economic Development, NCERT
3. Introductory Microeconomics, NCERT
4. Macroeconomics, NCERT
5. Supplementary Reading Material in Economics,

BSEB Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2025-26- Download PDF

The BSEB 12th Economics exam carries a total of 100 marks. The first 80 marks are assigned for the theory exam and the rest of the 20 marks are allotted for the practical exam. You can download the syllabus below and check all the chapters included in the syllabus.

Particulars	Download Link
BSEB Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2025-26	Download here

Also read: BSEB 12th Previous Years Question Paper

How to Download Bihar Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2025-26?

Students must follow the simple procedure given below to download their syllabus as soon as it is released by BSEB:

• Step 1:  Visit the official website of the Bihar School Examination Board at secondary.biharboardonline.com/
• Step 2: On the homepage, click on the Syllabus option present on the menu bar.
• Step 3: From the drop-down menu, click on the Senior Secondary option.
• Step 4: Now on the new page, select the subject and download the syllabus accordingly.

Bihar Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2025-26: Preparation Tips

Since Economics is a relatively tough subject for students to crack, they must consider some tips and tricks that will help them to get good marks. Check out some important Bihar 12th Preparation Tips 2025-26 from the pointers given below:

• First of all, students must complete their syllabus according to the latest PDF released by the Bihar School Examination Board so that they have complete knowledge about the chapters coming in the board exams.
• Making of study plan is also very crucial when preparing for the board exams because it helps the students to calculate the number of days that they need to complete the syllabus and revise.
• Students must consider solving model test papers religiously during their preparations because it helps to gain confidence.
• Making study notes will help the students to revise for the board exams during the last couple of weeks more effectively, rather than opening books.
• To write the exam stress-free, students must not pick up any difficult topics before the commencement of the board exams.

The students need to prepare for the board exams by first downloading the detailed syllabus available on the official website of BSEB. Bihar Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2025-26 include all the important chapters and topics that will be considered when making the question paper for the board exams. You must try to complete the syllabus as soon as possible to be successfully prepared to take the board exam.