Bihar Board Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025 - Check BSEB 12th Unit Wise Syllabus, Download PDF

1

Human Geography

• Define the term human geography
• Elucidate the Interdependence between Nature and Human beings.
• State the fields and subfields of Human Geography and its relation with other branches of
• Social Sciences.
• Differentiate between Environmental Determinism and Possibilism.
• Explain Neo-determinism with examples from real life.

2

The World

Population-distribution, density

and growth

• Calculate density of population, birth rate and death rate.
• Name and define the components responsible for population change.
• Understand the stages of population growth in the world using Demographic Transition Theory.
• Suggest measures to control population growth.
• Define the following terms:
• Growth of population, Natural growth of population, Positive, growth of population, Negative growth of population

3

Human

development

• Differentiate between growth and development
• Explain the three basic indicators of human development and measure the level of Human Development.
• Describe Human Development Index published by UNDP.
• Compare HDI with Human Poverty Index.
• Explain the key pillars of human development with examples.
• Compare Income approach, Welfare approach, Basic Needs approach and capability approach to understand the concept Human Development.
• To categories countries on the basis of their HDI and explain their characteristics.

4

Primary Activities

Define the following terms:

• Economic activities, Primary activities, Red Collar Worker, Pastoral Nomadism
• Explain food gathering as an economic activity.
• Distinguish between pastoral nomadism and commercial livestock rearing.
• Differentiate between primitive subsistence and intensive subsistence farming.
• Describe the characteristic features of plantation agriculture as a type of commercial farming.
• Analyse why is there low yield per acre but high yield per person in areas of extensive grain cultivation.
• Compare and contrast the farming practices in the developed urban areas of the world.
• Analyse how the model of Kolkhoz introduced in the erstwhile USSR boost agricultural production.
• Examine the reasons for success of cooperative farming in the European countries.

• Differentiate between open cast mining and shaft mining.
• Discuss how mining can have impact on humans and environment.

5

Secondary

Activities

• Explain key concepts such as, large-scale manufacturing, high technology industry, organizational set up, foot-loose industries, Agri business etc.
• Identify and explain the factors affecting the location an industry.
• Differentiate between different types of industries on the basis of size, raw material, ownership and output.
• Differentiate between cottage industry and small scale industry.
• Explain the importance of high-tech industries and reason for them being attracted to the peripheral areas of major metropolitan cities.
• Compare large scale industry and modern high tech industry with examples
• Understands and analyses the interrelationship between industrial development and standard of living.

6

Tertiary and

Quaternary

Activities

• Compare and contrast traditional and modern economic activities.
• Students correlate tertiary activities and their role in the economic development of a country.
• Describe different types of tertiary activities.
• Discuss different types of trading centres found in rural and urban areas and role played by them in local economy.
• Describe quinary activities and its role in advanced economies.
• Discuss how tertiary, quaternary and quinary activities have replaced jobs in primary and secondary sectors.
• Define the following terms: BPO, Outsourcing, KPO, Departmental Store, Chain Store, Wholesale trading

7

Transport and

Communication

• Compare and contrast various modes of transport.
• Explain the relationship of transport and communication networks to economic development of a region.
• Describe the major highways and major rail networks of different continents.
• Discuss the location and economic significance of Trans- Siberian Railway, Trans Canadian Railway, The Union and Pacific Railway and Trans Australian Railway.
• Describe the location and the economic importance of the major sea routes of the world.
• Discuss how Suez Canal and Panama Canal serve as major gateways of commerce for both the eastern and the western World.
• Discuss how the modern communication systems have made the concept of global village a reality.

8

International Trade 

• Define international trade and describe how it impacts various countries.
• Describe the basis of International Trade.
• Discuss types of and aspects International trade.
• Explain the term Dumping, Trade liberalisation and
• Globalisation.
• Discuss the impact of WTO on current global trade.
• Evaluate how international trade can be detrimental to some Nations. 
• Analyse how sea ports act as chief gateways of International trade

A

Fundamentals of Human Geography

90

35 Marks

Unit 1: Human Geography

05

30

Unit 2: People

18

Unit 3: Human Activities

28

Unit 4: Transport, Communication and Trade

24

Unit 5: Human Settlements

10

Map Work

05

5

B

India: People and Economy

90

35 Marks

Unit 6: People

15

30

Unit 7: Human Settlements

10

Unit 8: Resources and Development

30

Unit 9: Transport, Communication, and International Trade

15

Unit 10: Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems

15

Map Work

05

5

Total

180

70 Marks

C

Practical Work in Geography Part II

40

30 Marks

Unit 1: Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping

25

15

Unit 2: Spatial Information Technology

15

10

Practical Record Book and Viva Voce

5