Tamil Nadu Class 12 Biology Sample Paper 2026: Download PDF

Paper I

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Paper II

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Paper III

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Taxonomy of angiosperms

Type of classification such as artificial, natural, phylogenetic

biosystematics

binomial nomenclature herbarium and their uses classification of plants families such as Malvaceae, solanaceae, euphorbiaceae, liliaceae and their economic importance

Plant anatomy

Tissue and tissue system anatomy of monocot and dicot root

anatomy of monocot and dicot stem

anatomy of dicot leaf

Cell biology and genetics

Chromosome structure and types

genes and genomes linkage and crossing over gene mapping recombination of chromosomes mutation and

chromosome aberrations DNA as a genetic material its structure and replication of DNA

Structure of RNA and its type

Biotechnology

recombinant DNA technology

transgenic plants and microbes

plant tissue culture and its application

protoplast fusion

SCP

Plant physiology

Photosynthesis its significance and photochemical reactions, electron transport system, photorespiration

factors affecting photosynthesis mode of nutrition

chemosynthesis respiration, glycolysis, krebs cycle and aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration

fermentation

plant growth regulators phytohormones such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA. photoperiodism and vernalization

Biology in human welfare

food production

important varieties

role of biofertilizers

crop diseases and their control

biopesticides

genetically modified organisms

Bio war

Biopiracy

biopatent

sustainable agriculture medicinal plants including microbes economic importance of crops.

Human physiology

Nutrition- carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, balanced diet, malnutrition, digestive enzymes, illness to human bodies

Bones and joints- muscles

Respiration-breathing, Circulation-including heart functioning,myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, ECG, heart valves, blood pressure, heart transplantationPlasma- corpuscles, anticoagulants Coordinating system- including brain functioning, memory, diseases, spinal cord functioning,reflex action

Chemical coordination- thyroid, parathyroid, insulin, hormones of adrenal cortex and medula, reproductive hormones

Receptor organs -including eyes, ears, skin, tongue excretion kidney Reproductive system- spermatogenesis and oogenesis menstrual cycle, in vitro fertilization, birth control, STD and AIDS.

Microbiology

Introduction

Influence of Louis Pasteur, koch

Virology genetics

AIDS and its control

bacteriology, protozoan microbiology and larval microbiology

pathogenicity of microorganisms.

Immunology

Immune system-

innate immunity- lymphoid cells, mononuclear phagocytes, cytokines, structure of antibody, antigen antibody reaction

acquired immunity- development of immune system, T- cell activation, monoclonal body, cytotoxicity, infections and immunity, immunity and tissue transplantation, immune-related disease.

Genetics

Human genome project, genetic disease, karyotyping

recombinant DNA technology, cloning, transgenic organisms, genetically modified organisms, gene therapy, bioinformatics, DNA sequencing, protein sequencing, protein structure,database.

Environmental sciences

Human population, global warming, ozone layer depletion, waste management, biodiversity conservation, energy crisis ,and environmental impact, Poverty.

Biology applications

Livestock and Management, milch breed, draught breed, common diseases and control, poultry farming, pisciculture, urine analysis, CT scan, artificial pacemaker.

Evolution theories

Lamarkism, darwinism, modern concept of natural selection, species concept, origin of species and isolating mechanisms.

1 (MCQs/ Objective)

8 compulsory

8 (1 mark each)

Choose correct option from 4 alternatives.

2 (Very Short answer questions)

Answer any 4 out of 6

4 (2 marks each)

Very short answers.

3 (Short answer questions)

Answer any 3 out of 5 (Ques. no. 19 is compulsory)

3 (3 marks each)

Paragraph-length responses.

4 (Long answer questions/ Essay)

All 2 compulsory

2 (5 marks each)

Detailed answers.