- CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 Download PDF
- CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 : Course Structure
- CBSE Class 12 Geography Practical Syllabus 2025-26
- CBSE Class 12 Geography Unit-Wise Syllabus 2025-26
- CBSE Class 12 Geography Internal Assessment Guidelines 2025-26
- CBSE Class 12 Geography Map-Based Syllabus 2025-26
- CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper Design 2025-26
- CBSE Class 12 Geography Deleted Syllabus 2025-26
- CBSE Class 12 Geography Books 2025-26
- Faqs
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CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 consists of two books. These are Fundamentals of Human Geography and India People and Economy. The first book comprises 3 units and 8 chapters in total while the second book contains 5 units and 9 chapters. The Unit 3 of both books will have the maximum weightage in the CBSE 12th Geography exam. The CBSE Class 10 Geography syllabus 2025-26 is now available on the official website of the Central Board of Secondary Education at cbseacademic.nic.in in a PDF format. Some chapters included in the syllabus are Human Geography, The World Population Density Distribution and Growth, Primary Activities, Secondary Activities, Tertiary and Quaternary Activities, Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition, Transport and Communication, etc.
Students must develop a detailed study plan to successfully start their preparations for the board exams taking into account the units with the most weight. The theory paper for geography will be conducted for 70 marks. In addition to this, CBSE will also conduct a practical examination, which has a weightage of 30 marks in total. Out of 30 marks, 02 marks will be counted for the practical record book and 03 marks for the viva voce. After completing the syllabus students must start solving the CBSE Class 12 Geography Previous Year Question Paper and CBSE Class 12 Geography Sample Paper 2025-26 . Read the article to know more about the detailed CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 :
CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 Download PDF
The Central Board of Secondary Education has released the latest PDF of the CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 by clicking on the direct link given below:
CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 : Course Structure
Students can refer to the detailed information about the course structure of the CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 from the table given below and use it to prepare well for the board exams. The course is divided into two books:
Fundamental of Human Geography
Chapter No. | Chapter Name | No. of Periods | Marks Weightage |
|---|---|---|---|
Unit 1 | |||
1 | Human Geography | 7 | 3 |
Unit 2 | |||
2 | The World Population Density Distribution and Growth | 9 | 8 |
3 | Human Development | 7 | |
Unit 3 | |||
4 | Primary Activities | 12 | 19 |
5 | Secondary Activities | 10 | |
6 | Tertiary and Quaternary Activities | 10 | |
7 | Transport, Communication and Trade | 15 | |
8 | International Trade | 10 | |
Map Work (Based on the identification of features on World Political Map) | |||
Total | 90 | 35 | |
Book - India People and Economy
Chapter No. | Chapter Name | No. of Periods | Weightage |
|---|---|---|---|
Unit 1 | |||
1 | Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition | 10 | 5 |
Unit 2 | |||
2 | Human Settlements | 8 | 3 |
Unit 3 | |||
3 | Land Resources and Agriculture | 9 | 10 |
4 | Water Resources | 9 | |
5 | Mineral And Energy Resources | 9 | |
6 | Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context | 7 | |
Unit 4 | |||
7 | Transport and Communication | 11 | 7 |
8 | International Trade | 9 | |
Unit 5 | |||
9 | Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems | 8 | 5 |
Map Work (Based on Marking and labelling on a political Map of India) | 10 | 5 | |
Total | 90 | 35 | |
CBSE Class 12 Geography Practical Syllabus 2025-26
30 marks will be allotted for the practical session which will be conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education based on the following course structure:
Chapter No. | Chapter Name | No. of Periods | Weightage |
|---|---|---|---|
1 | Data-its source and Compilation | 5 | 18 |
2 | Data Processing | 8 | |
3 | Graphical Representation of Data | 15 | |
4 | Spatial Information Technology | 12 | 7 |
Practical Record Book and Viva Voce | 5 | ||
Total | 40 | 30 | |
CBSE Class 12 Geography Unit-Wise Syllabus 2025-26
Students can refer to the detailed information about the unit-wise syllabus for Geography from the tables given below according to the different books included in the curriculum:Book - Fundamental of Human Geography
| Unit 1: | Chapter-1 Human Geography: Nature and Scope ● Approaches to study Human Geography Regional and Systematic Geography, Dualism ● Naturalisation of Humans and Humanisation of Nature ● Fields and subfields of Human Geography ● Nature of Human Geography ● Introduction to Human Geography ● Schools of thought in Human Geography |
|---|---|
| Unit 2: |
Chapter- 2 The World Population Distribution, Density and Growth
Chapter- 3 Human Development
|
| Unit 3: |
Chapter- 4 Primary Activities Concept and types:
● Hunting and Gathering, Pastoralism; Nomadic Herding, Commercial Livestock Rearing ● Types of agriculture: ❖ Primitive Subsistence ❖ Intensive Subsistence ● Commercial Agriculture ❖ Plantation Agriculture ❖ Extensive Commercial Grain Cultivation ❖ Mixed Farming ❖ Dairy farming ❖ Mediterranean Agriculture ❖ Market Gardening and Horticulture ❖ Cooperative Farming ❖ Collective Farming ● Mining, factors affecting mining ● Methods of Mining Chapter- 5 Secondary Activities ● Manufacturing: Characteristics of Modern large-Scale Manufacturing ● Factors influencing industrial Location ● Classification of manufacturing Industries: On the basis of Size, Inputs /raw material, Output /Products and Ownership ● Concept of High tech Industry Chapter- 6 Tertiary Activities ● Tertiary activities-concept and types ● Trade and commerce: Retail and Wholesale trading Transport, Factors Affecting Transport; ● Communication ● Services ● People engaged in tertiary activities ● Tourism, Major tourist regions ● Tourist attractions - some examples from selected countries ● Medical Services for Overseas Patients in India ● Quaternary and Quinary activities-concept ● The Digital Divide Chapter- 7 Transport and Communication ● Transport ● Modes of Transportation: ● Land transport: Roadways, Highways, Road Density, Border Roads. ● Railways: Trans-continental Railways: Trans-Siberian, Trans Canadian, Australian Trans Continental, ● Water Transport: Important Sea Routes, Shipping Canals, Inland waterways ● Air transport: Inter-Continental air routes ● Pipelines ● Communications: Satellite Communications and Cyber Space- Internet Chapter- 8 International Trade ● History of International trade ● Why Does International Trade Exist? ● Basis of International Trade ● Balance of Trade ● Types of International Trade: Bilateral and Multi-lateral trade ● Case for Free Trade ● Concept of Dumping ● World Trade Organisation ● Regional Trade Blocs ● Concerns Related to International Trade ● Gateways of International trade: Ports ● Types of Port |
Book - India People and Economy
| Unit 1: |
|
|---|---|
| Unit 2: |
Chapter- 2 Human Settlements
|
| Unit 3: |
Chapter- 3 Land Resources and Agriculture
|
| Unit 4: |
Chapter- 7 Transport and Communication
● Means of transport: Land (Road transport, Rail transport and Oil and Gas pipelines), Water transport (Inland waterways and Oceanic routes) and Air transport ● Communication Networks- Personal and Mass Communication Systems Chapter- 8 International Trade
|
| Unit 5: |
Chapter- 9 Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
● Environmental pollution- Introduction and types ● Urban-waste disposal ● Rural-Urban Migration: Case Study ● Problems of Slums ● Land degradation: Case study |
Practical
Chapter- 1 Data – Its Source and Compilation● What is Data, Sources of data: Primary, Secondary and Unpublished sources.
● Tabulation and Classification of Data
● Grouping of Data
● Frequency Polygon 18
Chapter- 2 Data Processing
● Tabulating and processing of data
● Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
● Comparison of Mean, Median and Mode
Chapter- 3 Graphical Representation of Data
● Representation of data- General rules for drawing diagrams, graphs and maps, construction of line graphs, polygraphs, simple bar diagrams, line and bar diagram, Multiple bar, Compound bar, Pie diagram, Flowchart
● Thematic maps; Construction of Dot Map; Choropleth Map and Isopleth map
Chapter- 4 Spatial Information Technology Introduction to GIS; Advantages of GIS, Components of GIS, Spatial data formats, Sequence of GIS activities; Spatial data input, Entering attribute data, Data Linkages and matching, Spatial analysis: Overlay Analysis Operation and Buffer Operation
CBSE Class 12 Geography Internal Assessment Guidelines 2025-26
Students will have to prepare a practical file in which they will have to cover all the topics mentioned in the practical syllabus. The file should include a cover page, index page, and acknowledgment. Students must draw maps and statistical diagrams neatly with appropriate headings and scales. They can refer to the dates from the NCERT textbooks. This file will be checked by both the internal and external examiners during the Geography practical examination. The students will have to face a written exam of 25 marks which will be based on the practical syllabus given above. In addition, viva will be conducted according to the practical syllabus.
- Written Exam - 25 Marks
- Practical file- 02 Marks
- Viva- 03 Marks
CBSE Class 12 Geography Map-Based Syllabus 2025-26
The following is a list of maps included in the CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 . There are two categories for the map work. Only map items are designated for identification on the World Fundamentals of Human Geography's outline political map.
Fundamentals of Human Geography
| Chapter | Map Work |
|---|---|
| Primary Activities |
|
| Transport, Communication and Trade |
Major Sea Ports
Major Airports
Inland Waterways Suez Canal, Panama Canal, Rhine Waterways, and St. Lawrence Seaways |
People and Economy
| Chapter | Map Work |
|---|---|
| Population: Distribution Density, Growth and Composition | The states with the densest and highest populations, respectively, in 2011 |
| Land Resources and Agriculture | states that produce the most of the following crops: Rice, wheat, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tea, and coffee are the first five items on the list. |
| Mineral and Energy Resources |
Mines:
|
| International Trade |
Mark and label the major sea ports and airports on an outline map of India.
|
CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper Design 2025-26
Students can refer to the following points regarding the question paper design for the CBSE class 12th Geography Paper. Make sure to follow the structure when preparing for the board exams so that you can attempt the paper in the allotted time and get a good score:
- The question paper will consist of a total of 30 questions.
- The students must attempt all the questions.
- Section A consists of 17 MCQ-type questions for one mark each.
- Section B consists of question number 18 and 19 which are source-based questions for 3 marks each.
- Section C consists of question number 20 to 23 which are short answer type questions for 3 marks each. Students must write the answer to these questions in about 80 to 100 words.
- Section D consists of question number 24 to 28 which are long answer-type questions for 5 marks each. Students must write the answer to these questions in about 120 to 150 words.
- Section E consists of question number 29 and 30 which are map-based questions. These questions are for 5 marks each.
CBSE Class 12 Geography Deleted Syllabus 2025-26
There are some units and chapters that have been deleted from the CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 recently by the Central Board of Secondary Education. Check out the information about the same here:Fundamental of Human Geography
| Chapter | Page No. | Deleted Topics/ Chapters |
|---|---|---|
| UNIT 1 | ||
| Chapter 1: Human Geography Nature and Scope | 4-5 | Geographical Humanities The final paragraph of Human Geography's Fields and Sub-Fields: Through the Corridors of Time |
| UNIT 2 | ||
| Chapter 2: The World Population Distribution, Density and Growth | 9 11-14 | Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.3: Migration News Collage Activity Population Growth Trends, World Population Doubling Time, The impact of population change, the spatial pattern of population change, and figure 2.2 |
| Chapter 3: Population Composition | 17-21 | Full Chapter |
| UNIT 3 | ||
| Chapter 6: Secondary Activities | 51-53 | The Ruhr Coal Field, the Iron and Steel Industry, the Cotton Textile Industry, and Traditional Large-Scale Industrial Regions |
| Chapter 7: Tertiary and Quarternary Activities | 60-61 | Factors Affecting Tourism, Collage and Activity on Medical Tourism |
| Chapter 9: International Trade | 84–85 87 | Important Aspects of International Trade, Regional Trade Blocs, Figures 9.1 and 9.3 |
| UNIT 4 | ||
| Chapter 10: Human Settlements | 91-102 | Full Chapter |
| Appendix 1 | 103-109 | Full Appendix |
India People and Economy
| Chapter | Page No. | Deleted Topics/ Chapters |
|---|---|---|
| UNIT 1 | ||
| Chapter 2: Migration: Types, Causes and Consequences | 15–22 | Full Chapter |
| Chapter 3: Human Development | 23–31 | Full Chapter |
| UNIT 2 | ||
| Chapter 4: Human Settlements | 35-37 | Classification of Towns based on Population Size, Fig.4.5, Tables 4.2 and 4.3 |
| UNIT 3 | ||
| Chapter 7: Mineral and Energy Resources | 78 | Box information, Fig. 7.4 |
| Chapter 8: Manufacturing Industries | 85-103 | Full Chapter |
| UNIT 4 | ||
| Chapter 10: Transport and Communication | 120-121 | Box Information and First Three Lines from page 121 |
CBSE Class 12 Geography Books 2025-26
There are a lot of books that the students can consider when preparing for the CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 . Check out some of the popular side books here:
- Arihant All In One Class 12th Geography For Cbse Exam 2025-26
- Arihant CBSE Chapterwise Solved Papers (2023-2011) Geography Class 12
- Together With Cbse Question Bank Class 12 Geography Exam 2025-26
- CBSE Chapterwise Solved Papers 2023-2014 Geography Class 12th (2025-26 Exam)
- Arihant CBSE Exams 2025-26 I-Succeed 15 Sample Question Papers Geography Class 12th
- CBSE Question Bank Class 12 Geography, Chapterwise, And Topicwise Solved Papers For Board Exams 2025-26 by Oswaal Books
Students must download the latest CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 to learn more about the content of the curriculum including the units and the chapters which will be appearing in the theory and practical paper. Syllabus is one of the most needed resources to start the study sessions for the board exam.
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FAQs
CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper 2024-25 will be divided into five sections, A, B, C, and D, E. The theory exam has a maximum score of 70 marks. There will be multiple choice questions (MCQs), short answer, long answer, source-based questions, and map-based questions on the question paper.
Out of the total 100 marks, 30 marks have been allotted for the CBSE Class 12 Geography Practical Paper 2024-25. Passing scores in both the written and practical exams must be obtained independently by the students.
Students can visit the official website of the CBSE to download the CBSE Class 12 Geography previous year question papers. The board provides previous year's question papers in PDF format.
To prepare for the CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2024-25, students can read Fundamental of Human Geography and India People and Economy. The NCERT books prescribed by the board have a complete syllabus in them.
While studying the CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2024-25, students must cover all the topics mentioned in the syllabus. All the units should be covered one by one.
CBSE board has released the CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2024-25 on its website, cbse.nic.in. Students can visit the official website to download the Geography syllabus in the PDF format.
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