CBSE Class 12 Practical Exam Syllabus 2026: CBSE 12th Subject-Wise Practical Syllabus

Chapter 1: Data – Its Source and Compilation

• What is Data• Sources of data: Primary, Secondary and Unpublished sources• Tabulation and Classification of Data• Grouping of Data• Frequency Polygon

Chapter 2: Data Processing

• Tabulating and processing of data• Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode• Comparison of Mean, Median and Mode

Chapter 3: Graphical Representation of Data

• Representation of data: General rules for drawing diagrams, graphs and maps• Construction of line graphs, polygraphs, simple bar diagrams, line and bar diagram• Multiple bar, Compound bar, Pie diagram, Flowchart• Thematic maps: Dot Map, Choropleth Map, Isopleth Map

Chapter 4: Spatial Information Technology

• Introduction to GIS• Advantages of GIS• Components of GIS• Spatial data formats• Sequence of GIS activities• Spatial data input• Entering attribute data• Data Linkages and matching• Spatial analysis: Overlay & Buffer Operations

Section A

1. To determine the resistivity of two / three wires by plotting a graph for potential difference versus current.

2. To find the resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using a metre bridge.

3. To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge, OR To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.

4. To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by the half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.

5. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of the desired range and to verify the same. OR To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of the desired range, and to verify the same.

6. To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.

1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without an iron core.

2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check the continuity of a given circuit using a multimeter.

3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse and a power source.

4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.

5. To study the variation in potential drop with the length of a wire for a steady current.

6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order, and correct the circuit and the circuit diagram.

Section B

1. To find the value of v for different values of u in the case of a concave mirror and to find the focal length.

2. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, use a convex lens.

3. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v.

4. To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.

5. To determine the angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between the angle of incidence and the angle of deviation.

6. To determine the refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.

7. To find the refractive index of a liquid using a convex lens and a plane mirror.

8. To find the refractive index of a liquid using a concave mirror and a plane mirror.

9. To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.

1. To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.

2. Use of a multimeter to see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED, and check whether a given electronic component (e.g., a diode) is in working order.

3. To study the effect of intensity of light (by varying the distance of the source) on an LDR.

4. To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab.

5. To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.

6. To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, or (ii) concave mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the lens/mirror).

7. To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from the given set of lenses.

A. Surface Chemistry

1. Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol • Lyophilic sol – starch, egg albumin, gum • Lyophobic sol – Al(OH)₃, Fe(OH)₃, As₂S₃

2. Dialysis of the sol prepared above

3. Study of the role of emulsifying agents in stabilising emulsions of different oils

B. Chemical Kinetics

1. Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulfate and Hydrochloric acid

2. Study of reaction rates of any one: • Reaction of Iodide ion with Hydrogen Peroxide using different concentrations • Reaction between Potassium Iodate (KIO₃) and Sodium Sulphite (Na₂SO₃) using starch (clock reaction)

C. Thermochemistry

Any one:• Enthalpy of dissolution of CuSO₄ or KNO₃• Enthalpy of neutralization of HCl and NaOH• Enthalpy change during hydrogen bond formation between Acetone and Chloroform

D. Electrochemistry

Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn²⁺

E. Chromatography

1. Separation of pigments from leaf/flower extracts by paper chromatography and determination of Rf values

2. Separation of constituents in an inorganic mixture of two cations with large Rf difference

F. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds

1. Preparation of double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash Alum

2. Preparation of Potassium Ferric Oxalate

G. Preparation of Organic Compounds

Preparation of any one:

1. Acetanilide

2. Di-benzalacetone

3. p-Nitroacetanilide

4. Aniline yellow or 2-Naphthol Aniline dye

H. Functional Group Tests in Organic Compounds

Tests for: Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic, and primary amino groups

I. Foodstuff Analysis

Characteristic tests for carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in pure samples and their detection in given foodstuffs

J. Titration (Volumetric Analysis)

Determination of concentration/molarity of KMnO₄ by titrating against a standard solution of:

1. Oxalic acid

2. Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate(Students to prepare standard solutions themselves)

K. Qualitative Analysis

Determination of one anion and one cation in a given saltCations: Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺Anions: CO₃²⁻, S²⁻, SO₃²⁻, NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻, SO₄²⁻, PO₄³⁻, CH₃COO⁻, C₂O₄²⁻(Insoluble salts excluded)

A. List of Experiments

1. Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination.

2. Study the plant population density by quadrat method.

3. Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method.

4. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis.

5. Isolate DNA from available plant material such as spinach, green pea seeds, papaya, banana, etc.

B. Study and Observe (Spotting)

1. Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds).

2. Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide or scanning electron micrograph.

3. Identification of stages of gamete development (T.S. of testis and ovary) through permanent slides (from grasshopper/mice).

4. Meiosis in onion bud cell or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.

5. T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (mammalian).

6. Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colour/sizes of any plant.

7. Prepared pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits: rolling of tongue, blood groups, ear lobes, widow's peak, or colour blindness.

8. Controlled pollination – emasculation, tagging and bagging.

9. Common disease-causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, fungi (ringworm) through permanent slides/models/specimens; comment on disease symptoms.

10. Models/specimens showing symbiotic association: lichens, root nodules in legumes, and parasitic nutrition by Cuscuta on host.

11. Flash cards/models showing examples of homologous and analogous organs.

Unit II: Nutrition, Food Science and Technology

1. Modification of normal diet to soft diet for elderly person.

2. Development and preparation of supplementary foods for nutrition programme.

3. Planning a menu for a school canteen or mid-day meal in school for a week.

4. Design, prepare and evaluate a processed food product.

5. Qualitative test for food adulteration in: pure ghee, tea leaves, whole black pepper, turmeric powder, milk, asafoetida.

Unit III: Human Development and Family Studies

1. Preparation and use of any one teaching aid to communicate socially relevant messages for children/adolescents/adults in the community.

OR

2. Preparation of any one toy for children (age-appropriate) using locally available and indigenous material.

Unit IV: Fabric and Apparel

1. Preparation of any one article using applied textile design techniques: tie and dye, batik, or block printing.

2. Remove different types of stains from white cotton cloth – ball pen, curry, grease, ink, lipstick, tea, and coffee.

Unit V: Resource Management

1. Evaluate any one advertisement for any job position.

2. Develop a leaflet/pamphlet for Consumer Education and Protection on any one of the following:

a) Consumer Protection Act (CPA)

b) Consumer responsibilities

c) Consumer organization

d) Consumer problems

Python Programming

• Read a text file line by line and display each word separated by a #.

• Read a text file and display the number of vowels, consonants, uppercase, and lowercase characters in the file.

• Remove all the lines that contain the character 'a' in a file and write the remaining lines to another file.

• Create a binary file with name and roll number. Search for a given roll number and display the name; if not found, display an appropriate message.

• Create a binary file with roll number, name, and marks. Input a roll number and update the marks.

• Write a random number generator that generates random numbers between 1 and 6 (simulate a dice).

• Write a Python program to implement a stack using list.

• Create a CSV file by entering user-id and password, then read and search the password for a given user-id.

Database Management

• Create a student table and insert data. Perform the following SQL operations:

- ALTER TABLE to add new attributes / modify data type / drop attribute

- UPDATE table to modify data

- ORDER BY to display data in ascending/descending order

- DELETE to remove tuple(s)

- GROUP BY with aggregate functions: MIN, MAX, SUM, COUNT, AVG

• Similar SQL exercises may be created for other scenarios.

• Integrate SQL with Python using a suitable module (like sqlite3 or mysql.connector).

1

Data – Its Source and Compilation

18

2

Data Processing

3

Graphical Representation of Data

4

Spatial Information Technology

7

—

Practical Record Book and Viva Voce

5

—

Total

30

Practical File and Case Profile

10

Viva Voce (Case Profile & Two Psychological Tests)

5

Two Tests (Conducting – 5 marks, Reporting – 10 marks)

15

Total

30

Two Experiments (one from each section)

7 + 7 = 14

Practical Record (Experiments and Activities)

5

One Activity from Any Section

3

Investigatory Project

3

Viva on Experiments, Activities, and Project

5

Total

30

Volumetric Analysis

08

Salt Analysis

08

Content-Based Experiment

06

Project Work

04

Class Record and Viva

04

Total

30

One Major Experiment (Experiment No. 5)

5

One Minor Experiment (Experiment No. 2 & 3)

4

Slide Preparation (Experiment No. 1 & 4)

5

Spotting

7

Practical Record + Viva Voce (Credit for work over academic session)

4

Investigatory Project + Project Record + Viva Voce

5

Total

30

Physical Fitness Test (SAI Khelo India Test, Brockport Physical Fitness Test - BPFT)*

6

Proficiency in Games and Sports (Skill of any one IOA-recognized Sport/Game of Choice)**

7

Yogic Practices

7

Record File***

5

Viva Voce (Health / Games & Sports / Yoga)

5

Total

30

1

Project

5

2

Modification of any one family meal for elderly person and preparation of one modified dish OR

Development and preparation of a supplementary food for preschooler (2–6 years) OR

Planning a menu for school canteen and preparation of one nutritious dish

5

3

Identify adulterant using chemical test in any one of the following: pure ghee, tea leaves, whole black pepper, turmeric powder, milk, asafoetida

2

4

Prepare a sample using applied textile design techniques: tie and dye / batik / block printing

4

5

Remove any one stain from white cotton cloth – Ball pen, curry, grease, ink, lipstick, tea, or coffee

2

6

Develop a leaflet/pamphlet for Consumer Education and Protection on any one of the following:

a) Consumer Protection Act (CPA)

b) Consumer responsibilities

c) Consumer organization

d) Consumer problems

5

7

File Work

5

8

Viva

2

Total

30

1

Lab Test:

• Python Program (60% logic + 20% documentation + 20% code quality) – 8 marks

• SQL Queries (4 queries based on one or two tables) – 4 marks

8 + 4 = 12

2

Report File:

• Minimum 15 Python programs

• Minimum 5 sets of SQL queries (single/two tables)

• Minimum 4 Python–SQL connectivity programs

7

3

Project (using concepts learnt in Classes 11 and 12)

8

4

Viva Voce

3

Total

30