CBSE Class 12th Biology Chapter 6 - Molecular Basis of Inheritance Important Questions with Answers

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What is an origin of replication in a chromosome? State its function. (Delhi 2019)

Question 2.

Answer the following questions based on Meselson and Stahl’s experiment on E.coli.
(i) Write the name of the chemical substance used as the only source of nitrogen in the experiment.
(ii) Why did they allow the synthesis of the light and the heavy DNA molecules in the organism?
(iii) How did they distinguish the heavy DNA molecules from the light DNA molecules?
(iv) Write the conclusion the scientists arrived at, at the end of the experiment. (All India 2019,11)

Question 3.

Explain the mechanism of DNA replication with the help of a replication fork. What role does the enzyme DNA-ligase play in a replication fork? (Delhi 2019)

Question 4.

‘A very small sample of tissue or even a drop of blood can help determine paternity’. Provide a scientific explanation to substantiate how it is possible. (All India 2019)

Question 5.

Expand ‘BAC’ and ‘YAC’ what are they and what is the purpose for which they are used? (All India 2019,13)

Question 6.

(i) Write the contributions of the following scientists in deciphering the genetic code.
George Gamow, Har Gobind Khorana, Marshall Nirenberg, Severo Ochoa.
(ii) State the importance of genetic code in protein biosynthesis. (Delhi 2019)

Question 7.

(i) Describe the process of aminoacylation.
(ii) ‘Process of transcription and translation are coupled in prokaryotes, but not in eukaryotes’. Explain. (All India 2019)

Question 8.

Write the dual purpose served by deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in polymerisation. (2018)

Question 9.

Although a prokaryotic cell has no defined nucleus, yet DNA is not scattered throughout the cell. Explain. (2018)

Question 10.

Why is DNA molecule considered as a better hereditary material than RNA molecule? (2018C)
Or
Why is DNA a bettter genetic material when compared to RNA? (Delhi 2015C)
Or
Why is DNA considered a better hereditary material than RNA? (Foreign 2012)

Question 1.

Name the three polymerases found in eukaryotic’cells and mention their functions. (2018C)

Question 2.

Explain the post-transcriptional modifications the AnRNA undergoes in eukaryotic. (2018C)

Question 3.

(i) Why does DNA replication occur in small replication forks and not in its entire length?
(ii) Why is DNA replication continuous and discontinuous in a replication fork?
(iii) State the importance of origin of replication in a replication fork. (2018C)

Question 4.

Name one amino acid, which is coded by only one codon. (2018C)

Question 5.

(i) Expand VNTR and describe its role in DNA fingerprinting.
(ii) List any two applications of DNA fingerprinting technique. (2018)

Question 6.

Explain the significance of satellite DNA in DNA fingerprinting technique. (All India 2018)

Question 7.

What is an operon? Explain the functioning of operon when in an open state. (2018C)

Question 8.

Differentiate between the genetic codes given below
(i) Unambiguous and universal
(ii) Degenerate and initiator (All india 2017)

Question 9.

(i) List the two methodologies which were involved in human genome project. Mention how they were used.
(ii) Expand YAG and mention what was it used for. (All India 2017)

Question 10.

A number of passengers were severely burnt beyond recognition during a train accident. Name and describe a modern technique that can help handover the dead to their relatives. (Delhi 2017)
Or
Following the collision of two trains a large number of passengers are killed. A majority of them are beyond recognition. Authorities want to handover the dead to their relatives. Name a modern scientific method and write the procedure that would help in the identification of kinship. (Delhi 2015)
Or
Following a severe accident, many charred-disfigured bodies are recovered from the site making the identification of the dead very difficult. Name and explain the technique that would help the authorities to establish the identity of the dead to be able to handover the dead to their respective relatives. (All India 2014C)
Or
In a maternity clinic, for some reasons the authorities are not able to handover the two newborns to their respective real parents. Name and describe the technique that you would suggest to sort out the matter. (All India 2013)